Chapter 2 – Early European Immigration

1. Chapter 2 – Early European Immigration

2. Immigrants Between the 1500’s and 1800’s NL was populated by Europeans here for the migratory fishery. migratory fishery men came to fish in the summer and went back to Europe in the fall.

3. In the 1700's men began to stay in Newfoundland year round and began to bring their wives with them.

4. During the 1800’s people began to live here permanently

5. By the early 1800's NL had 20 000 people, mostly on the Avalon Peninsula ( St. John’s = 3000)

6. As the population grew Burin and Bonavista became important towns

7. Most immigrants came from Europe, mostly from France, England, Ireland and Scotland

8. 2 reasons why people left Europe : • Push Factors - Reasons why people decided to leave their home land(e.g. Unemployment) • Pull Factors - Reasons why people moved to a new home in a different land(e.g. Jobs)

9. Read pages 35-37 on the origin of settlers to this province • In groups of 3 discuss problems faced by early immigrants in the areas listed opposite • food • hunting • transportation • education • health • government • religion • weather

10. Settlement Patterns Most settlement was along the coast close to the fishing grounds by groups from the same country Why do you think people settled near other people from the same home country?

11. Majority of settlement was on the Avalon Peninsula since it is the most eastern point in North America and was close to good fishing grounds

12. Other Immigrants During the 1800's most of the immigrants were from Western Europe, mostly from England and Ireland

13. Some people came from Lebanon because of religious discrimination and became pack peddlers (traveling salesmen)

14. Chinese immigrants (male only) were only permitted if they paid a $300 head tax and were not permitted to bring their wives . Most of them were employed in the laundry business

15. Comparing European Immigration Using the information in your textbooks on pages 36-39, complete the comparison chart and comparison map.

16. English

17. French

18. Irish

19. Scottish

20. Legend Scottish Irish French British

21. Assignment – Letter Home

22. Population Growth Newfoundland’s population grew rapidly from the 1850’s and 1890’s

23. Most people who lived in Newfoundland had been born here and considered themselves Newfoundlanders. They did, however, maintain a loyalty to their country of origin e.g. Irish immigrants to Ireland

24. Most of the increase in population was now due to natural increase - higher birth rate than death rate and higher immigration than emigration rate.

25. Internal Migration Internal Migration – movement from place to place within the country

26. There was little immigration into Newfoundland after 1830 but people began to move away from the Avalon Peninsula to places where there were fewer people and less competition for the fishing grounds

27. In the early 1800’s many people moved to Bonavista Bay and Notre Dame Bay Handout – In the Late 1800’s

28. In the late 1800’s - Handout • People moved to the west coast for herring and lobster ,and sawmills • trappers moved to central Labrador • Innu and Inuit began settling around trading posts • a pulp and paper mill opened in Grand Falls • several mining towns created • after the railway was built new sawmill towns created • New railway towns also were formed • By 1911 the number of settlements had doubled