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Nichomachean Ethics

Nichomachean Ethics. Aristotle. Plato Review. Only the unchangeable and eternal are real. Reality is found only in principles and ideas. The physical world is less real. The world of art, story, etc. is yet less real. Republic Review.

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Nichomachean Ethics

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  1. Nichomachean Ethics Aristotle

  2. Plato Review • Only the unchangeable and eternal are real. • Reality is found only in principles and ideas. • The physical world is less real. • The world of art, story, etc. is yet less real.

  3. Republic Review • Justice in a state is only found when the truly virtuous rule. • These Guardians are themselves ruled by wisdom.

  4. Republic Review • The Guardians are assisted in their rule by the Auxiliaries, who are ruled by Thumos (Courage).

  5. Republic Review • The people, being taught and ruled by the Guardians, though the Auxiliaries, are themselves ruled by Temperance.

  6. Republic Review • The Guardians are taught to love truth and and develop the virtues of philosopher kings though a strict program of education and testing in a communist society that included eugenics.

  7. Republic Review • This educational system began with development of the soul though carefully selected music, which included stories, nursery rhymes, poetry, scripture, etc.

  8. Republic Review • This was followed by a program of general education on the physical world. • Then came an 10 years training in logic and mathematics.

  9. Republic Review • The education culminated in the dialectic, where first principles were discovered though a careful processes of proposing, questioning, and developing hypotheses.

  10. Republic Review • The allegory of the cave describes this educational process as leaving the world of shadows and physical objects to enter the invisible world of principles and ideas.

  11. Republic Review • This perfect state actually exists only in the world of ideas, but could come into physical shape at the will of divinity.

  12. Republic Review • A key principle in the whole book is that justice in the state is proceeded by justice in the man. Like the state, personal justice is defined as the soul being ruled by the reasoned element.

  13. Republic Review • Like the perfect state, the reasoning mind, rules the desires, though the intermediate power of the passions or heart. • As the individual government digresses it is accompanied by the digression of the state.

  14. Republic Review • In the perfect government (aristocracy) the soul and the state are ruled by wisdom. • This degrades into a timocracy, where the soul and state are ruled by honor.

  15. Republic Review • This degrades into oligarchy where the soul and state are ruled by the love of money. • This degrades into democracy where the soul and state are ruled by freedom and equality.

  16. Republic Reviewed • Democracy finally degrades into tyranny, where appetites and desires rule, and what order exists is through fear of punishment.

  17. Republic Reviewed • The Republic concludes with another allegory where the virtues of this life are rewarded in the next as the soul dies and is reborn again.

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