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Cell Cycle

A Top of Class production. Cell Cycle. What is the Cell Cycle?. Series of events Cell growth Cell division Produce two daughter cells Each new daughter cell will then enter into its own “new” cell cycle Growth and division Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic. Prokaryotic Cycle.

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Cell Cycle

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  1. A Top of Class production CellCycle

  2. What is the Cell Cycle? • Series of events • Cell growth • Cell division • Produce two daughter cells • Each new daughter cell will then enter into its own “new” cell cycle • Growth and division • Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

  3. Prokaryotic Cycle • No definable nucleus • One DNA loop • Enters regular cycle • Growth, DNA replication, and cell division • Ideal conditions…very quick

  4. When to divide?

  5. Eukaryotic Cycle • Cycle has four phases • Phase lengths vary • Cell type • Liver Cells…1-2 a year • Bone cells…6-8 weeks • Skin cells…6-10 days • Brain cells…never • Divisions are separated by “in-between” time • This is not a resting period • Much happens!

  6. The “Cell cycle” accounts for all things that a cell does during its life span…What are those things? • G0 • G1 • G2 4. S 5. M 6. Cytokinesis

  7. Interphase - “between” phase • G1 Phase • Cell Growth…majority of size increase • new proteins and organelles • G = gap phase • S Phase • DNA Replication…copy of DNA made • Ends with twice the amount of DNA • S = synthesis

  8. Interphase continued… • G2 Phase • Cell growth…prep for cell division • Shortest phase • Materials for division are made • During the first three stages the cell grows and prepares for _____________?

  9. M Phase • Cell Division • Production of two daughter cells • Faster than interphase • Two stages • MITOSIS • CYTOKINESIS • Both stages can overlap

  10. G0 The Resting Period A cell will leave the cycle and quit dividing. Temporary Permanent Example… A cell that has reached an end stage of development and will no longer divide Neuron

  11. Restrictive Point • Passage through the restriction point is controlled by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) • Looking for damage • If found, the checkpoint uses a signal mechanism • stall the cell cycle until repairs are made • if repairs cannot be made; then target the cell for destruction via apoptosis

  12. Why do we care about the cell cycle? • Cells split • Cells grow • Making DNA copies • We must replace other cells. • If we don’t replace we die and have tissue/organ degeneration • If a cell is replaced before it needs to be……?

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