ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

1. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

2. Orgenisation behavior is a systematic study of the action & attitudes that people exhibit within orgenisation Stephen Robins • OB is the systematic study & careful application of knowledge about how people –as individual & as group –act within orgenisation. • John Neuston

3. Key parts of the definition • Systematic study • The use of scientific evi­dence gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner to attribute cause and effect. (ppt 6) • OB—its theories and conclusions—is based on a large number of systematically designed research studies. • Systematic study of actions (or behaviors) and attitudes include three areas: productivity, absenteeism, and turnover. • Managers clearly are concerned with the quantity and quality of output that each employee generates. • Absence and turnover—particularly excessively high rates—can adversely affect this output

4. Characteristics / nature of OB • Art as well as science • The systematic of knowledge about human behaviour is a science & application of this knowledge & related skills towards being art • Human tool • Is tool for solve human problem in orgenisation . • Action & goal-oriented discipline • Major goal of OB is to explain & predict human behaviour . • Levels of analysis • i) individual behaviour ii) group behaviour iii) behavior of the orgenisation • Integrating approach • It balance human ,technical & ethical values at work ,anthropology , psychology , social psychology ,sociology ,political science ,geography , IT • Holistic approach • It relates people ,whole group ,orgenisation as whole system • Issue are analyzed in terms of whole situation • Behavioral approach to management • Behavioral approach of understanding human being , groups & orgenisation • Universal principle

5. Elements of organizational behaviour • People • Success of orgenisation depends on the psyche of its people –their drive & focus • Process • Process include policies ,methods, procedures , rules & regulation • Technology • Provide the methods & technique of doing work • Environment • Vision • It represent desire ,dreams ,hopes ,goals & plans • Need clear vision • Culture • It is a system of shared values ,& beliefs that interact with company’s people ,organizational structure & control system to produce behavioral norms.

6. Contributing discipline to the OB

7. Study Of OB

8. Multidisciplinary Approach

9. Models of OB • The autocratic model • In this manager are only concern being profit ,employees welfare was neglected • This model work on power & obedience • Believes in strict discipline & command over employee behaviour • It useful where workers are lazy & have tendency to shirk work. • Worker feel frustrated or harassed. • Employee feel insecurity in job. • The custodian(guardian) model • According factory act 1948 it is obligatory for an employer to take care of his employees • Economic incentives & managerial orientation for motivation & job security • Fear of management in autocratic model is replaced by gratitude towards it • According this model money is the best way to motivate .

10. The supportive model • It is based on leadership rather than authority or economic rewards • The manager is more of leader than boss. • The leader has to crate environment of motivation & willingness among the employee • Leaders assume that employee will take responsibility, make their contribution & improve themselves if • This models take care of psychological need of the employee & security need . • The collegial model • Collegial relates to group of person having common purpose • Orgenisation treat employee as partner • The manager had become a facilitator • Managers are not superior but coordinators • Entire work is carried out by a team • Under this model worker have job satisfaction , job involvement ,job commitment • Giving facilities , monetary & non-financial incentives push the employee give the best

11. Organizational Level • Productivity • Developing Effective Employees • Global Competition • Managing in the Global Village Group Level • Working With Others Workplace • Workforce Diversity Individual Level • Job Satisfaction • Empowerment • Behaving Ethically Challenges Facing the Workplace

12. Challenges and Opportunities for OB

13. Challenges and Opportunity for OB • Responding to Globalization • Increased foreign assignment • Working with people from different cultures • Managing people during terror & war • Managing Workforce Diversity • Workforce diversity means orgenisation becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender , age , ethics, values. • Diversity if positively managed can increase creativity & innovation in orgenisation & increasing decision making. • Managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to recognizing differences and responding to those differences in ways that ensure employee retention and greater productivity • Improving Quality and Productivity • Improving Customer Service • The management must create customer responsive culture • Prompt in responding customer need

14. Challenges and Opportunity for OB • Improving People Skills • Stimulation Innovation and Change • Manager has to stimulate the employees creativity & tolerance for change • Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts • OB offers a number of suggestion to guide manager in designing workplace & jobs that can help employee deal with work-life conflicts. • Improving Ethical Behavior • Managers needs to create an ethically healthy climate for his or her employee in which employee can work productively • Minimize the dilemma regarding right & wrong behaviour. • Coping with temporariness • Jobs are continually being redesigned ; task are increasingly being done by flexible team • Workers must continually update their knowledge & skills to perform new job • Managers & employee must learn to cope with temporariness. 10.Developing of work ethics & culture

15. Importance of OB • Helps manager in getting the work done through effectives ways • To understand self & other • Helps to increase in employee satisfaction • It helps to develop work related behavior & job satisfaction • It helps in building motivating climate • It helps in building cordial industrial relations. • It implies effective management of human resources • It helps in predicting behavior & applying it in some meaningful way to make orgenisation more effective

16. Limitations of OB • OB will not eliminate conflict & frustration; it can only reduce them • Improved OB will not solve unemployment • Existence of behavioral bias

17. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Key forces affecting Organizational Behavior • People • Individuals • Groups • Environment • Government • Competition • Societal pressure • Structure • Jobs • Relationships Organizational Behavior • Technology • Machinery • Computer hardware&software