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Measuring Motion: Properties, Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

Learn about the properties used to describe motion, including reference points, direction, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Understand how to calculate average speed and graph speed and acceleration. Discover why understanding motion is important in everyday life.

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Measuring Motion: Properties, Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

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  1. Matter in Motion Chapter 12 Preview Section 1 Measuring Motion Section 2What Is a Force? Section 3Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion Concept Map

  2. Matter in Motion Chapter 12 Activity: Dominoes

  3. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 What You Will Learn • Properties used to describe the motion of an object include a reference point, direction, speed, velocity, and acceleration. • Average speed can be calculated by dividing total distance by total time. • A change in velocity is due to a change in speed, direction, or both. • Speed and acceleration can be represented on graphs.

  4. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Why It Matters Learning about motion will help you give directions, plan trips, and predict the future locations of objects.

  5. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Words with Multiple Meanings

  6. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Motion and Reference Points • motion = when an object changes position in relation to a reference point

  7. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Motion and Reference Points • reference point = any object that appears to stay in place • Ex: Trees, Mountains,Buildings, Houses and Streets

  8. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Motion and Reference Points • Standard Reference Directions = used to describe the motion of an object. • North • South • West • East • Up • Down • Right • Left

  9. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Motion and Reference Points • A moving object can also be a reference point too. • Ex: If you are in a moving object (car) and a bird passes you, you become the reference point in relation to the bird.

  10. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Activity: Reference Points and Positions

  11. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Average Speed • speed of an object: • Is the rate at which the object moves • It’s rarely constant (the same speed) • average speed • Is the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken

  12. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Average Speed • units for speed: ***Meters per second (m/s) – SI unit • Kilometer per hour (km/h) • Feet per second (ft/s) • Miles per hour (mi/h)

  13. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Average Speed • Speed can be shown on a graph as distance/time or position/time.

  14. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Average Speed • formula for average speed :

  15. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Average Speed • Practice: • It takes Kira 36s to jog to a store that is 72m away. What is her average speed?

  16. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Average Speed 2. What is your average speed if you walk 7.5 km in 1.5 h?

  17. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Average Speed 3. An airplane traveling from San Francisco to Chicago flies 300 km in 3.5 h. What is the airplane’s average speed?

  18. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Activity: Changing Average Speed

  19. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Velocity • Velocity = change in speed AND/OR direction • Ex: • The police are traveling 50 mph (speed) west (direction).

  20. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Velocity • constant velocity = always motion along a straight line.

  21. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 BrainPop: Acceleration

  22. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Acceleration • acceleration: • rate velocity changes over time • change in speed, direction, or both • unit for acceleration: meters per second per second (m/s²)

  23. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Acceleration increase in speed = positive acceleration (accelerate) decrease in speed = negative acceleration (deceleration).

  24. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Acceleration • graph of speed versus time.

  25. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 Section 1 Measuring Motion Activity: Graphing Acceleration (p. 342)

  26. Section 1 Measuring Motion Chapter 12 The End

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