Europe 1350-1600 European economy became more commercial Stronger governments began to appear and feudal controls weaken

1. Europe 1350-1600 • European economy became more commercial • Stronger governments began to appear and feudal • controls weakened • Culture began to shift away from traditional • religious values

2. Economic Change Social Change

3. Plato Aristotle Ptolemy Raphael Raphael: 1483-1520 “The School of Athens” Michaelangelo

4. Leonardo da Vinci: 1452-1519 “The Last Supper” 1498 Leonardo da Vinci: 1452-1519 “Mona Lisa”

5. The Spread of the Printing Press: Johann Gutenberg 1468

6. Effects? The Age of Reason?

7. Religious Change Chapter 15 Section 3 The Protestant Reformation Causes of the Reformation? • Church corruption • Nationalism (pride in one’s nation) • Papal need for money = unfair taxes and indulgences(pardons issued by priest to reduce time in purgatory) • Printing Press + Vernacular + 95 Theses = Reform

8. St. Peter’s Basilica Indulgences

9. Purgatory? "When the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs." An indulgence, 1517, Translation: With the Authority of all Saints and with mercy for you, I free you of all sins and crimes and excuse you from all punishments for ten days - Johann Tetzel

11. The Spread of Lutheranism Martin Luther 1483-1546 “Justification By Faith Alone” Salvation Through Grace

12. 82. To wit: -- "Why does not the pope empty purgatory, for the sake of holy love and of the dire need of the souls that are there, if he redeems an infinite number of souls for the sake of miserable money with which to build a Church? The former reasons would be most just; the latter is most trivial.“ 86. Again: -- "Why does not the pope, whose wealth is to-day greater than the riches of the richest, build just this one church of St. Peter with his own money, rather than with the money of poor believers?"

13. Luther’s Message: • God’s grace can not be won by good works. • Faith alone was needed • Only head of Catholic Church was Jesus, not the pope • Individual Christians should be their own Bible interpreters • Christian practices should come only from the Bible

14. Reaction of the CHURCH? • Martin Luther is excommunicated • By Pope Leo X • Summoned to Diet of Worms 1521 by • HR Emperor Charles V (Edict of Worms condemns Luther) • “Unless I am convicted (convinced) of error • by the testimony of Scripture…I cannot • and will not recant anything, for to act • against our conscience is neither safe for us, • nor open to us.” Luther’s Idea’s continued to spread Protestants? Ulrich Zwingli? = theocracy (too radical/died in battle)

15. John Calvin’s World in the 16c Doctrine of Predestination= God knows who will be saved even before you are born (man was evil so needed strict discipline) (goal was to make world fit for the “elect”)

16. Describe the ideas of Martin Luther and how they contradicted the church’s teachings of his day. L How did the ideas of reformers who came after Luther differ from those of Luther?

18. Protestantism Spreads to England (page 453)

19. Religious Conflict Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603 • King Henry VIII: • Catherine of Aragon (daughter = Mary) • Needed a male heir AND fell in love with Anne Boleyn • Wanted an annulment/ pope said NO • (Catherine’s nephew = HR Emperor Charles V) • Henry summoned Reformation Parliament • Closes Catholic monasteries/ distributes wealth • 1534 Act of Supremacy = Henry becomes head of the Church of England • Married Anne Boleyn (daughter = Elizabeth) King Henry VIII 1491-1547

20. Edward VI (son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour) assumes the throne at age 9 when Henry VIII dies- he himself dies at 16 Mary I (daughter of Catherine and Henry VIII) Returned England to the authority of the Pope – burned Protestants at the stake

21. Elizabeth I (daughter of Henry VIII and • Anne Boleyn) assumes the throne upon death of “Bloody” Mary I • Supremacy Act = England again splits • from Rome Homework questions from c 15 sec 3?

22. The Peasant Revolt - 1525 75,000 Peasants Killed

23. REVIEW What was the state of Catholicism in the 1400s? How did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church? How did Protestantism spread to other areas? What were the effects of the Reformation in England?

24. Religious Transformation Chapter 15 Section 4 The Counter- Reformation Catholics at all levels recognized the need for reform in the church. Their work turned back the tide of Protestantism in some areas and renewed the zeal of Catholics everywhere Monk Girolamo Savonarola “Bonfire of the Vanities”

25. St. Ignatius of Loyola • (The Jesuits) • Goals: • Obedience to Church • Renewal of Church’s spirituality • Concentrated on education • Accomplishments: • Schools and Universities • Missionary activity • Knowledge of other cultures

26. Pope Paul III • REFORMS? • Delegates addressed abuses • Reforms addressed corruption of the clergy • Training of priests were regulated/ schools established • Financial abuses checked • Publish Bible in vernacular • SALE OF INDULGENCES ABOLISHED Individual faith

27. Mary Ward: The first sister of feminism She threw off her habit and put women on the stage St Teresa of Avila: Most famous female spiritual leader Followed own strict rules Deep spirituality

28. The Great Witch Hunt Germany =3,229 witches killed (burned) Swiss Confederation = 5,417 witches killed (burned) Estimated 60,000 killed in total , 95% of them women Reasons?? Explain misfortune, misogyny, eliminating non-conformists, rising role of women

31. The Spanish Inquisition 1478-1576… Muslim? Jew? Protestant? ~ 2000 killed

32. What methods did the Church use to stop the spread of Protestantism?

33. Find your textbook and work with your groups: Read the section: Religious and Social Effects page 458 Take notes on the three bold sections: Changes in Religion Persecution and Hysteria Political Effects Leave room to add notes when we share answers 3 bulleted pieces of information should be enough per topic Prepare to share

34. RELIGIOUS WARS/ The Italian Wars 1494: King Charles VIII of France invaded Italy Spain and England also became involved Finally = SACK of Rome by HRE Charles V in 1527 WHY? • Consequences: • Italian Renaissance spread throughout Europe • Peasants unhappy with high taxes = Peasant’s War • Luther’s refusal to side with peasants prevented • religious wars from starting social reform/ equality

35. HRE Charles V wants to reverse rise of Protestantism 1546 started a war against the German princes Enthusiasm died = Peace of Augsburg 1555 German princes can chose their own religion (Catholicism or Lutheranism) Subject people had no voice…. Edict of Nantes 1598??

37. Protestant Reformation Ulrich Zwingli Martin Luther Ignatius of Loyola 95 Theses Elizabeth I John Calvin Counter-Reformation Predestination Indulgences Henry VIII St. Peter’s Basilica Act of Supremacy Mary Ward/ Teresa of Avila Annulment Spanish Inquisition Council of Trent HRE Charles V Jesuits Peace of Augsburg 1555 Purgatory Edict of Nantes 1598 John Gutenberg Hugenots Nationalism Theocracy