Total Force < < L17 > >

1. Total Force< < L17 > >

2. Overview • The Total Force • Reserve Categories • Structure and Organization • Force Contributions • Accessibility

3. History • 1653, Oliver Cromwell overthrows British Parliament • Legitimate need for national defense • Who should rise up if we have no standing army? • The militia created 1780s • Grew into the National Guard and the Reserve Forces

4. Policy • Evolved as official policy in 1970s • Aug 1970—The Total Force Concept was announced by Secretary of Defense Laird • Aug 1973—SECDEF James Schlesinger elevated the Total Force Concept to the Total Force Policy • Objective: Integrate Active and Reserve forces in the most cost-effective manner possible maintain as small an active peacetime force as commitments permit.

5. Force Modernization • Improved the equipment to state of the art during the 1980s • “First to deploy, first to be equipped.” - DOD Directive 1225.6

6. Cost Effectiveness • Provides 50% of total US military force • Only consumes 8.3 % of DOD budget

7. Cost Effectiveness AFR Total Air Force Budget Reserve Budget 4% Air Force Combat Capability Supplied by Reserve 20%

8. Cost Effectiveness ANG Total Air Force Budget ANG Budget 7% Air Force Combat Capability Supplied by ANG 34%

9. Cost Efficiency • Other cost-saving benefits (for the Air Force) • No paid leave • No family healthcare • Smaller retirement fund contributions

10. Reserve Categories • Ready Reserve – Combat ready; deploy in 72 hours • Selected Reserve • Individual Ready Reserve • Inactive National Guard • Standby Reserve • Retired Reserve

11. Selected Reserve • Units and individuals designated as essential to wartime missions • Have priority for training, equipment, and personnel • Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMAs) • Not attached to an organized Reserve unit • Assigned to active duty components * Selected Reserve part of Ready Reserve

12. Individual Ready Reserve • Pool of pre-trained individuals who: • Served in Active units or Selected Reserve • Have military service obligation (MSO) remaining • Eligible for involuntary service * Individual Ready Reserve is part of Ready Reserve

13. Inactive National Guard • Don’t not train • Are not attached to active units

14. Standby Reserve • Personnel who are not required to train and are not assigned to units. • Reservists whose civilian jobs are key to national defense • Includes people who may have left active duty due to hardships

15. Retired Reserve • Personnel who receive retired pay (AD/Reserve) or are placed in retirement status but have not yet reached age 60 • All may be recalled to active duty by the appropriate service Secretary

16. Air National Guard • To provide ready units to the state and nation in three roles: • Federal Role: To support national security objectives • State Role: To protect life and property, and to preserve peace, order, and public safety • Community Role: To participate in local, state, and national programs that add value to America

17. Air National Guard • Dual Mission • State • Protect Life and Property • Peace and Order • Civil Defense • Federal • Support USAF Missions • Train for Wartime

18. Air National Guard

19. National Guard Personnel • Drill Status (Traditional) Guardsmen • 67% of force • Typically enlist for 6 years • Minimum of one unit training assembly (UTA) a month and 15 days annual training • Average 27-120 additional days beyond annual commitment

20. National Guard Personnel • Full time Guardsmen • 33% of total Guard force • Air Technicians • Full-time Civil Service employees • Active Guard/Reserve (AGR) personnel • Same areas as Technicians, but full benefits • Active Duty Component personnel • AF personnel assigned to Guard units (advisors) • Active Duty for Training • Traditional Guardsmen temporarily on AD for training

21. Air Force Reserves

22. Total Force • Provides 50% of total US military force • Only consumes 8.3 % of DOD budget* • Missions have increased to a steady state of 12-13 million workdays in each of last 3 years

23. Satellite Space Operations AFR ANG Active Duty

24. Bombers AFR ANG Active Duty Ex: B-1, B-52, B-2

25. Fighters ANG AFR Active Duty Ex: F-15, F-16, OA-10, A-10, F-22, F117

26. Strategic Airlift ANG Active Duty AFR Ex: C-5, C-141, C-17

27. Tankers ANG AFR Active Duty Ex: KC-10, KC-135, HC-130

28. Rescue ANG AFR Active Duty Ex: HC-130, HH-60

29. Theater Airlift ANG Active Duty AFR Ex: C-130

30. Air Defense ANG Examples: F-15, F-16

31. Weather Recon AFR Ex: WC-130

32. Accessibility • Full mobilization • Partial mobilization • Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up • Volunteers

33. Full Mobilization • Gives access to the full Ready Reserve • Requires a declaration of war or national emergency by Congress • Duration of Conflict plus 6 months

34. Partial Mobilization • 1,000,000 members of the Ready Reserve • Up to 24 months • President must declare a national emergency

35. Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up • Up to 200,000 personnel • Up to 270 days • President must notify Congress

36. Volunteers • Provide the majority of personnel in times of war and peace

37. Increasing Tempo 1953-1990 (38 Years) 1991-2010 (19 Years) 120/80 10/10 *For AFR/ANG

38. A Balanced Lifestyle: Typical Civilian • Vacation • Sick Leave • Weekends • Holidays 144 221 Play = 144 Days Work = 221 Days

39. Reservists SupportCommitments 84 Play = 84 Days 281 Work = 221 Days Support = 60 Days

40. Aircrew Commitments 21 Play = 21 Days Work = 221 Days 344 Aircrew = 123 Days 060

41. Points to Remember • Reserve Categories • Ready Reserves • Standby • Retired • Chain of Command • ANG vs. AFRC • Accessibility • Full/Partial Mobilization • Presidential Selected Reserve Call-up • Volunteers

42. “We need to shift away from the Cold War stance of having the active duty do the operational missions and have the Reserves just do training.” ~ Vice Admiral David Frost, Former Deputy CINC, US SPACE COMMAND

43. Homework • Prepare for Lesson # 18 • Air & Space Functions