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EPAC2002

European Particle Accelerator Conference 2002, La Villette, Paris ~850 delegates from 33 countries 48 invited papers given 30 contributed oral presentations ~900 poster presentations 4 ½ days of sessions Industrial exhibition Technology transfer / Industry EPAC prizes. EPAC2002.

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EPAC2002

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  1. European Particle Accelerator Conference 2002, La Villette, Paris ~850 delegates from 33 countries 48 invited papers given 30 contributed oral presentations ~900 poster presentations 4 ½ days of sessions Industrial exhibition Technology transfer / Industry EPAC prizes EPAC2002 P.R.Norton RAL PPD

  2. News from the laboratories • CERN – LHC (R Schmidt) • Fairly upbeat, but stressed the complexity of the LHC • Mentioned electron-cloud problems (see later) • Very high stored energy in beams – careful beam cleaning needed • String 2 test – full size model of LHC cell - ongoing P.R.Norton RAL PPD

  3. Tevatron Run II (Church) • Many problems encountered • Transverse emittance of antiprotons in accumulator – transfer efficiency low – caused by intra-beam scattering • Antiproton lifetime caused by long-range beam-beam interaction in Tevatron • Remedies planned include 132 ns bunch separation instead of 396 but need to remove parasitic collisions P.R.Norton RAL PPD 9 Oct: Lpeak 3.6 1031

  4. B factories (KEK-B and PEP II) • Both B factories doing very well • PEP II exceeded its design L by 1.5 • KEK-B design L is 3x higher and not yet achieved, but exceeds PEP II • Electron cloud effect (more later) causes single-bunch blow-up of LER (e+) • Both machines have wound 20-50 G solenoids covering field-free region to reduce the effect P.R.Norton RAL PPD

  5. EPAC2002 prizewinners Frank Zimmermann Kurt Hübner P.R.Norton RAL PPD

  6. Prize Citations • Frank Zimmermann • “for his many important contributions to accelerator physics. In particular he contributed significantly to the understanding of fast ion and electron cloud instabilities….” • Kurt Hübner • “for his excellent leadership in the field of accelerator physics and technology. He has provided guidance for generations of accelerator physicists and engineers, thereby contributing immensely to the prosperity of accelerators at CERN and many other laboratories around the world” P.R.Norton RAL PPD

  7. Electron Cloud Instability • This arises for positive beams • Synchrotron radiation strikes the wall and ejects electrons • These can then generate further electrons (multipacting) • The interaction of the beam with the electrons has several unpleasant effects • Beam emittance blow-up • Heat load (especially for LHC) • Vacuum P.R.Norton RAL PPD

  8. Animation of instability P.R.Norton RAL PPD

  9. Remedies • Shape of beam pipe • Surface coating • Conditioning • Solenoidal windings (KEK-B, PEP II) • Bunch spacing P.R.Norton RAL PPD

  10. Fast beam ion instability • This affects negative beams • Ions produced from residual gas interact with the negative beam • Seen at some light sources (eg Spring-8) and in the KEK-B HER • Leave gaps in bunch train • Need ultra-good vacuum in LC damping rings P.R.Norton RAL PPD

  11. KEK scheme based on FFAGs Large acceptance and no cooling Small FFAG already built Interesting idea Japanese neutrino factory P.R.Norton RAL PPD

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