Section 1: Agriscience in the Information Age

1. Section 1: Agriscience in the Information Age Mrs. DeVries Agriscience

2. UNIT 1 THE SCIENCE OF LIVING THINGS

3. OBJECTIVE • To recognize the major sciences that explain the development, existence, and improvement of living things

4. COMPETENCIES TO BE DEVELOPED • Define agriscience • Discover agriscience in the world around us • Relate agriscience to agriculture, agribusiness, and renewable natural resources. • State the major sciences that support agriscience • Describe basic and applied sciences that relate to agriscience

5. Section 1: Unit 1 Read p 2-13

6. U.S. Agriculture • One-fifth of total jobs in agriculture are production agriculture = farming & ranching • Four-fifths of all jobs in agriculture are non-farm and non-ranch jobs • Agribusiness businesses that sell or market agricultural products • Renewable natural resources - resources provided by nature that can replace or renew themselves • Ex = wildlife, trees, fish • Occupations include: game trapper, forester, and waterman (someone who uses boats and specialized equipment to harvest fish, oysters, and other seafood)

7. Technology in the U.S. • Technology - the application of science to solve a problem. • Industrial technology - application of science to an industrial use • High technology – use of electronics and state-of-the-art equipment to perform tasks and control machinery and processes

8. Types of Agriscience

9. aquaculture • the growing and management of living things in water, such as fish

10. agricultural engineering • the application of mechanical and other engineering principles in agricultural settings

11. animal science technology • the use of modern principles and practice for animal growth and management

12. crop science • use of modern principles in growing and managing crops

13. soil science • the study of the properties and management of soil to grow plants

14. biotechnology • the management of the genetic characteristics transmitted from one generation to another and its application to modern living

15. integrated pest management • many different methods used together to control insects, diseases, rodents and other pests

16. organic food • foods that have been grown without the use of chemical pesticides

17. water resources • water conservation and management

18. environment • the space and mass around us; air, water, soil

19. Agriscience and other sciences Agriscience is really the application of many sciences.

20. Basic Sciences • Biology –science of plant and animal life • Chemistry – science that deals with the characteristics of elements or simple substances • Biochemistry – chemistry as it applies to living matter

21. Applied Sciences • Entomology – science of insect life • Agronomy – science of soils and field crops • Horticulture – science of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals • Ornamentals – plants used for their appearance; • ex. Flowers, shrubs, trees, and grasses • Animal Sciences – applied sciences that involve animal growth, care, and management • Includes veterinary medicine, animal nutrition, and animal production and care

22. Applied Sciences • Agricultural Economics – the management of agricultural resources, including farms and agribusinesses • Includes farm policy and international trade • Agricultural Education – teaching and program management in agricultural endeavors • Agricultural communications, journalism, extension service, and community development

23. Lab Exercise 1: The Scientific Method

24. The Agriscience Fair Project • STEP 1. Identify the Problem • STEP 2. Review the Literature • STEP 3. Form a Hypothesis • STEP 4. Prepare a Project Proposal • STEP 5. Design the Experiment • STEP 6. Collect the Data • STEP 7. Draw Conclusions • STEP 8. Prepare a Written Report • Example: PPT

25. HOMEWORK SELF EVALUATION Section 1 – Unit 1 p. 14-15 Multiple Choice #1-10 Matching #1-8 Completion #1-3

26. Unit 1 Test Tomorrow! Reread Unit and Study Notes! Good Luck!

27. UNIT 2 IMPACT OF AGRISCIENCE

28. OBJECTIVE • To determine important elements of a desirable environment and explore efforts made to improve the environment

29. COMPETENCIES TO BE DEVELOPED • Identify significant historical developments in agriscience • State practices used to increase productivity in agriscience • Identify important research achievements in agriscience • Describe future research priorities in agriscience

30. Section 1: Unit 2 Read p 16-38

31. Progress through Engineering

32. American Inventors • Cyrus McCormick, 1834invented the reaper, a machine to cut small grain, precursor to the combine • John Deere, 1837invented a moldboard plow from steel • Eli Whitney, 1793invent the cotton gin to remove the cotton seed from cotton fiber • Edmund W. Quincy, 1850mechanical corn picker to remove ears of corn from the stalks • Joseph Gliddenbarbed wire used to fence off ranches with definite boundaries

33. Student Activities #7

34. Formation of Machinery Companies • Early 1900’s • Invention became a continuing process of improving earlier inventions

35. Mechanizing Undeveloped Countries • Do not have enough people trained for the variety of agriculture mechanics jobs that are needed to support the country

36. Improving Plant and Animal Performance • Permitted plants and animals to increase production and performance to the point where fewer people are needed to produce the food supply for the United States and surplus food to export to many other nations

37. Improving Life through Agriscience Research

38. Unlocking the secrets of the Soybean • A legume (a plant that hosts nitrogen-fixing bacteria) • Excellent source of protein, strong flavor • Tofu – made by boiling and crushing soybeans, coagulating the resulting soy milk, and pressing the curds into desired shapes; can be fermented, marinated, smoked, steamed, deep-fried, sliced, shredded, made into candy, or shaped into loaves, cakes, or noodles • Soybean Oil, Soybean meal, • Can be used for lubricants, paper, chalk, paint printing ink, and plastics • 1940, Henry Ford to an ax to a Ford automobile trunk door that did not damage. It was made from highly-resilient plastic made from soybeans.

39. The Green Revolution • 1950’s starvation in many parts of the world • part of the solution was the development of new, higher-yielding, disease- and insect-resistant varieties of small grain for developing countries • Green Revolution – a process whereby many countries became self-sufficient in food production in the 1960’s by utilizing improved varieties and practices

40. Biological Attractants • Use of chemical pesticides provided short-term solutions to many insect-control problems • Discover chemicals that insects produce and give off to attract their mates, produce these in a laboratory • Allowed for mass trapping of the insects to survey populations for integrated pest-management programs

41. Recent Breakthroughs in Agriscience

42. Genetically Engineered Tomato • Resists rotting, lasts longer on the shelf at the grocery store, retains flavor longer, tastes like a tomato should taste

43. Bio-engineered Designer Foods • Crispy vegetables • Sweeter carrots • Leaner meats • High-protein milk • Longer-lasting melons • Healthier cooking oils

44. Bio-diesel from Animal Fat • Excess animal fat (tallow) trimmed from carcasses is low–value by-product of meat processing • Fat is heated to a liquid, purified, mixed with methyl alcohol and chemical catalyst • Bio-diesel created has approximately the same heating value and power potential as traditional diesel fuel and will burn in ordinary diesel engine.

45. Satellites and Nitrogen-Gas Lasers • Nutrient deficiencies in growing corn and soybean crops are not easy to detect from the ground • deficiency occurs when a nutrient is not available in the amounts that are needed for optimum growth • nitrogen-gas lasers monitor deficiencies of iron, nitrogen, potassium, and other nutrients from satellites • devices used to determine wavelengths given off by the plants which indicated the levels of nutrients in plants

46. Lab Exercise 4: Maintaining a Healthy Environment

47. Agriscience and the Future

48. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Mission: • To enhance the quality of life for the American people by supporting production of agriculture: • Ensuring a safe, affordable, nutritious, and accessible food supply • Caring for agricultural, forest, and range lands • Supporting sound development of rural communities • Providing economic opportunities for farm and rural residents • Expanding global markets for agricultural and forest products and services • Working to reduce hunger in America and throughout the world

49. HOMEWORK SELF EVALUATION Section 1 – Unit 2 p. 39-40 Multiple Choice #1-10 Matching Group 1 #1-9 Matching Group 2 #1-13

50. Unit 2 Test Tomorrow! Reread Unit and Study Notes! Good Luck!