Fresh Water in Dry Regions: Desalination Answers

1. Fresh Water in Dry Regions:Desalination Answers David Burnett, GPRI Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas A&M University Dr. C. Allan Jones, Director Dr. Bill Harris, Dr. Bill Fox, Texas Water Resources Institute, Texas A&M University Dr. Gene Theodori Program in Rural Sociology & Community Services Texas A&M University

2. A&M Water Resources: The State of Texas Program • Rural Community Outreach • “Drought proofing” projects • Critical Habitat/ Rangeland – Grassland Protection • Remediation, restoration of rangelands & wetlands • Small Farm/ Ranching Operations • High value use. Small volumes • Dispersed water sites • Oil and Gas Production Operations • Oil Field Brine Desalination

3. *http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/Desalination State of Texas Partners Texas Water Development Board* Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Texas Railroad Commission

4. The A&M Program: What We Do Saline Water Injection into Oil and Gas Zones Desalination Brine disposal represents a significant fraction of the cost of operating a desalination facility. In the oil and gas industry, high salinity brines are routinely injected into formations for pressure maintenance and secondary recovery by water flooding. Gas Oil Surface Water Oil Gas Water Disposal Well Water For more Info see: http://www.tamu.edu/

5. Lack of Fresh Water Resources

6. TECHNICAL ISSUES Brine Desalination Process m filters Chemical addition Recycle Brine Water Concentrate RO System Pump Permeate Organoclay polish Centrifuge/ hydrocyclones RO Post Treatment

7. TECHNICAL ISSUES Filtration and Reverse Osmosis: Definitions Micro Filtration (MF) (10-0.1mm) Bacteria, suspended particles Ultrafiltration (UF) (0.05-0.005mm) Colloids, macromolecules Nanofiltration (NF) (5e-3-5.e-4mm) Sugars, dyes, divalent salts Reverse Osmosis (RO) (1.e-4-1e-5mm) Monovalent salts, ionic metals Water

8. Short Courses & Workshops Original 15th Annual Practical Membrane & SeparationsTechnology Short Course: Fundamentals, New Developments, Applications and Pilot Plant Demonstrations OrganizedbySeparation Sciences ProgramFood Protein Research & Development CenterTexas Engineering Experiment StationThe Texas A&M University SystemCollege Station, TX 77843-2476 March 21-24, 2005 College Station, TX

9. Facilities: Separation Sciences Laboratory

10. Facilities: Waste Water Treatment Program

11. Facilities: Produced Water Treatment Program

12. Koch Portable RO Unit

13. Texas A&M Portable Desalination Rig

14. Texas A&M Mobile Test Truck For more Info see: http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/separations/equipmembrane.htm

15. Texas A&M Desalination: The “A” Team • Texas A&M University System • Texas A&M Engineering (TEES) • A&M Ag Engineering • Texas Water Resource Institute (TWRI) • A&M Intl Agriculture Program • Global Petroleum Research Institute (GPRI) • State and Federal Partners • Texas Railroad Commission (TRRC) • Texas Water Development Board • Texas Department of Agriculture • U.S. Department of Energy • U.S. Environmental Protection Council • U. S. Department of the Interior (BLM)

16. Texas A&M Partners: How We Function • Identifying the problems, setting goals • Example: Roadmap of technology needs for cost effective oil field brine use • Creating and managing the programs • Example: TWDB Evaluation of Oil & Gas Industry Technology • Working to solve community needs • Example: Department of Rural Sociology Partnership with Howard Co. (Tx) Community College

17. Premise: Fresh water resources from desalination of wastewater including oil fieldbrine. Advantages Demand for fresh water is increasing its value. Proximity of the water resource to the place of use. Disposal of waste brine into depleted oil & gas zones. Disadvantages Additional cost of demineralization of water. The (probable) salinity of the produced brine. Environmental compliance issues.

18. GPRI Field Operations at Burlington Resources Burlington Resources performs water fracs in the Barnett Shale using water from the Trinity River. Demonstration units are to be used to treat the frac water for re-use. For more info see: www.mcog.org/ barnettlinks.html

19. Task 2:Development in the Barnett Shale Fresh Water from the Trinity River used for Fracturing Treatments Devon Energy ~ 20 to 30/month Burlington Resources ~ 20 /month Other Operators ~30/month Each Treatment is ~ 25,000 Bbls Recovery Water Handling ~ 80,000,000 gal/m. . Data from Burlington Resources

20. Texas A&M Portable Desalination Rig

21. Texas A&M Portable Desalination Rig

22. Texas A&M Portable Desalination Rig

23. Oil Field Brine Conversion:Historic McFaddin Ranch & O’Connor Oil Field Test Site

24. Fresh Water from Oil Field Brine for Livestock Watering Test Site Test Site

25. Texas A&M Programs in San Angelo Area Evaluating Beneficial Use of Treated Produced Water in Arid and Semi-arid West Texas Pilot Testing Water Treatment Technologies in Semi-Arid Regions: Addressing Non-Point Source Pollution through Water Treatment an Ecological Restoration Low Power Water Purification Units for Remote Communities

26. Thank You toOur Supporting Agencies Texas A&M University Desalination Project Acknowledging GPRI Sponsoring Companies BP Burlington Recourses Key Energy Tarlton Mfg. Total Contractors Polymer Ventures Costner Industries Texas Agencies Texas Water Resources Institute Stripper Well Consortium Ground Water Protection Council Texas Water Development Texas Railroad Commission U. S. Department of Energy Photographs Courtesy CMGC Foundation