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Insect Populations Before and After Heat Treatment of Mills

Insect Populations Before and After Heat Treatment of Mills. Bh. Subramanyam, R. Roesli, D. Eustace, and K. Behnke Department of Grain Science and Industry 201 Shellenberger Hall Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506. Stored Products Symposium, March 28, 2000.

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Insect Populations Before and After Heat Treatment of Mills

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  1. Insect Populations Before and After Heat Treatment of Mills Bh. Subramanyam, R. Roesli, D. Eustace, and K. Behnke Department of Grain Science and Industry 201 Shellenberger Hall Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506 Stored Products Symposium, March 28, 2000

  2. Use of High Temperatures to Control Insects • 15-40oC or 59-104oF • Old technology • Renewed interest • Very effective • Little quantitative data • Viable alternative to methyl bromide

  3. Heat Treatment or Heat Sterilization • Heat a facility to >50oC (122oF) for 24-36 hours

  4. Natural Gas Heater

  5. Ductwork During Heat Treatment

  6. Why 50oC for 24-36 hours? • Data exist on temperature profiles • Very little empirical evidence on effectiveness against insects during actual heat-up

  7. Heat Treatment Experiments at K-State • Pilot flour mill • 4 floors of cleaning house (50,000 cu ft) • 4 floors of flour mill (50,000 cu ft) • Since 1995 has been heat-treated a dozen times • Since 1999 May: • June 25-27 – Gas heaters • August 4-6 – Electric heaters • November 23-28 – Steam heaters • Pilot feed mill • 4 floors (100,00 cu ft) • August 4-6 – Gas heaters

  8. Research Objectives • 2 issues: • Degree of suppression • Duration of suppression

  9. Flit-Trak Traps

  10. For almond moths and Indianmeal moths Phercon 1C traps

  11. Sampling Insect Populations • Pilot Feed Mill • 10 Flit Trak traps/floor • 10 Phercon 1C traps w/ almond moth lure • Pilot Flour Mill • 10 Flit Trak traps/floor • 10 Phercon 1C traps w/ almond moth lure • 10 Phercon 1C traps w/ Indianmeal moth lure

  12. Sampling Insect Populations • Lures replaced every month • Trap counts taken every week • Unreplicated trial • Data presented as total number of insects captured in traps

  13. Insect Sampling • Feed Mill • July 8 – December 10, 1999 • 16 sampling occasions for beetles • 14 sampling occasions for moths • Only almond traps were used • Flour Mill • June 23 – December 23, 1999 • 18 sampling occasions for beetles • 17 sampling occasions for moths • Both Indianmeal moth and almond traps were used

  14. Feed Mill Data

  15. Species of Beetles Captured in Flit-Trak Traps in the KSU Pilot Feed Mill, July 8 - December 1, 1999 6.5% 22.1% 47.6% 23.8% T. castaneum, 98.9% of total Tribolium spp. S. oryzae, 91.1% of total Sitophilus spp.

  16. Heat treatment, Aug. 4-6

  17. Total Number of Beetles in the Feed Mill Before and After Heat Treatment Total number of insects

  18. Total Number of Tribolium spp. in the Feed Mill Before and After Heat Treatment Total number of insects

  19. Total Number of Cigarette Beetles in the Feed Mill Before and After Heat Treatment Total number of insects

  20. Total Number of Sitophilus spp. in the Feed Mill Before and After Heat Treatment Total number of insects

  21. Total Number of Cryptolestes spp. in the Feed Mill Before and After Heat Treatment Total number of insects

  22. Distribution of Moths Among the Feed Mill Floors Total number of insects Totals on each floor were based on 140 trap counts

  23. Almond Moth Numbers Before and After Heat Treatment (KSU Pilot Feed Mill) Total number of insects Totals on each floor were based on 140 trap counts

  24. Indianmeal Moth Numbers Before and After Heat Treatment (KSU Pilot Feed Mill) Total number of insects Totals on each floor were based on 140 trap counts

  25. Distribution of Psocids Among Floors(KSU Pilot Feed Mill) Total number of insects Totals based on 130 trap counts/floor

  26. Flour Mill Data

  27. Relative Abundance of Beetles in the Cleaning House(KSU Pilot Flour Mill, June 23-December 23, 1999) 3.1% 0.5% 3.1% 4.7% 6.6% 6.4% 75.5% Total number of adults counted from 640 trap catches = 1,144

  28. Relative Abundance of Beetles in the Flour Mill (KSU Pilot Flour Mill, June 23-December 23, 1999) 3.3% 0.7% 5.8% 7.1% 1.9% 35.4% 45.5% Total number of adults counted from 640 trap catches = 718

  29. Distribution of Beetles Among the Four Floors of the Cleaning House and Flour Mill(KSU Pilot Flour Mill, June 23-December 23, 1999) Total number of insects Data for each floor based on 160 trap counts

  30. Total Number of Indianmeal Moth (IMM) and Almond Moth (ALM) Males Captured in the KSU Pilot Flour Mill, June 23-December 23, 1999 Total number of moths Each total is based on 1,280 trap counts

  31. Total Number of Male Indianmeal and Almond Moths Captured in the KSU Pilot Flour Mill Floors, June 23-December 23, 1999 Total number of moths Each total is based on 340 trap counts

  32. Can Traps Indicate Treatment Effectiveness? • Insect populations were detected 2-4 weeks after a heat treatment • Traps alone are unreliable • Source of insects • Ingredient sampling is important • Absolute estimates??

  33. Number of Dead Insects in a Square Grid

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