PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS (P&IDs)

1. PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS (P&IDs) FORMATS AND ELECTRIC POWER DESIGN

2. LINE NUMBER 101 102 103 104 105 LINE SIZE in. 4 6 6 8 12 MEDIA R.M. 1 R.M. 2 RXTR PROD STEAM COMP. AIR M. O. C. 316 SS 316 SS 316 SS 304 SS C.S. INSULATED YES YES NO YES NO PIPE DATA ON P&IDs • SIZES BASED ON VELOCITY AND/OR PRESSURE DROPS. • MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION • INSULATION AND TRACING, IF REQUIRED • CAN BE LISTED IN A PIPE SCHEDULE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SHEET. http://www.currenthvac.net/images/AutoCad2.jpg

3. http://www.controleng.com/contents/images/ctl0505ip1b.gif LOOP DATA ON P&ID’S • MOST LOOPS WILL BE DESIGNATED BY: • A SINGLE BUBBLE • CONNECTED TO SENSOR • AND CONTROLLED INSTRUMENT OR INTERLOCK.

4. CONTROL ON P&IDs • ALL PRIMARY CONTROL LOOPS SHOULD BE SHOWN • ALL SUPERVISORY ALARMS SHOULD BE INDICATED ON THE DIAGRAM • ALL INTERLOCKED ALARMS SHOULD BE INDICATED ON THE DIAGRAM • PLCs SHOULD BE SHOWN CONNECTED TO CONTROL ELEMENTS

5. TO LOW PRESSURE INTERLOCK CONNECTIONS TO CONTROL ELEMENT TO HIGH PRESSURE INTERLOCK CONNECTIONS I PC I PS PALL PAHH PAL PAH PRIMARY CONTROL AND ALARMS ON P&IDs

6. REACTOR PLC S PS LS TS FCV TYPICAL PLC CONNECTIONS

7. http://www.industrialtext.com/Support/Logic_Symbols.PDF PLC LOGIC DIAGRAMS • CREATED AS SEPARATE DOCUMENTS • NEED TO BE LINKED TO THE ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENT DIAGRAMS • USE LADDER LOGIC SYMBOLOGY

8. STANDARD DRAWINGS • INCLUDE DETAILS FOR COMPONENTS IN THE CONTROL LOOP • STANDARD DRAWINGS SHOULD BE ATTACHED TO THE P&ID SET • STANDARD DRAWINGS SHOULD BE NOTED ON ALL P&ID’s.

9. TYPICAL STANDARD DRAWING

10. STANDARD DRAWING CONFIGURATION • CONTROL BUBBLE SHOULD INCLUDE A HORIZONTAL LINE IF THE SIGNAL IS SHOWN IN THE CONTROL ROOM. • INTERLOCKS SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO ALL DEVICES IN THE LOOP INCLUDING THE ALARMS. • SEE TEXT FIGURE D-6 FOR COMMON SYMBOLS

11. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS • POWER, GROUNDING & CONTROL • POWER DESIGN - DELIVERY OF POWER TO DRIVERS IN THE FACILITY

12. POWER DELIVERY • TYPICAL SUPPLY IS AT 13.8 Kv • CAN BE USED TO DRIVE LARGE MOTORS • REQUIRES SPECIAL METHODS FOR START-UP AND SHUT DOWN OPERATIONS • IN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION CAN BE AT 4160 V OR 440 V • 4160 V CAN BE USED TO DRIVE LARGER MOTORS • 460/480 V IS THE TYPICAL LEVEL FOR MOST LOW - MEDIUM HP UNITS • LOWER LEVELS ARE USED FOR LIGHTING, SMALL MOTORS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS.

13. http://www.hupp-electric.com/graphics/service.jpg DISTRIBUTION FOR MOTOR DRIVERS • AC MOTORS • CONSTANT SPEED SQUIRREL CAGE OPERATING ON 60 Hz CURRENT, CAN RUN AT 3600/1800/1200/900/600/450 RPM, DEPENDING ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE WINDINGS • WOUND-ROTOR INDUCTION • VARIABLE FREQUENCY ALLOW DIFFERENT SPEEDS • DC MOTORS • USE RECTIFIES TO PRODUCE CONSTANT SPEED OPERATION • THERE IS AN INHERENT LOSS IN EFFICIENCY FOR THESE UNITS. • SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS • HAVE A CONSTANT SPEED OPERATION BASED ON THE POWER SUPPLY FREQUENCY

14. MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS • CONTAIN THE STARTERS FOR THE VARIOUS TYPES OF MOTORS • CONTAIN THE OVERLOADS AND CONTROL CONNECTIONS FOR THE MOTORS http://www.automation.siemens.com/cd/sivacon/html_76/8pt_motorcontrolcenter_einschub.htm

15. http://www.power-technology.com/contractor_images/al-babtain/4-distribution_pole.jpghttp://www.power-technology.com/contractor_images/al-babtain/4-distribution_pole.jpg http://www.fpc.unc.edu/construction/projects.asp?Project=105&Update=022105 POWER DISTRIBUTION • CAN BE OVERHEAD USING POLES OR CABLE TRAYS • CAN BE UNDERGROUND USING DUCT BANKS • LOCALLY IS THROUGH CONDUIT

16. http://www.cybro-plc.com/cybro.htm CONTROL SYSTEMS • CONNECTED INTERLOCK SYSTEMS • LOGIC DIAGRAMS INDICATE THE STRUCTURE • ACTUAL PROGRAM MAY BE ON PLC. • SEND SIGNALS TO STARTERS

17. http://www.geotech-inc.com/images/LIGHTNING%202.jpg GROUNDING SYSTEMS • GROUNDING SYSTEMS ARE SET UP INDEPENDENT OF THE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM • EVERYTHING THAT CAN CONDUCT IS CONNECTED TO THE GROUNDING SYSTEM