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Autotransformer

Autotransformer. Autotransformer connected for step-down operation. N HS = # of turns on the High Side N LS = # of turns “embraced by the Low Side. Autotransformer Example. Turns ratio = a = N HS / N Ls = N A / N B = 80 / 20 = 4 V LS = V HS / a = 120 V / 4 = 30 V

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Autotransformer

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  1. Autotransformer

  2. Autotransformer connected for step-down operation NHS = # of turns on the High Side NLS = # of turns “embraced by the Low Side

  3. Autotransformer Example Turns ratio = a = NHS / NLs = NA / NB = 80 / 20 = 4 VLS = VHS / a = 120 V / 4 = 30 V ILS= VLS / ZLOAD = 30/0.5 = 60A >> IHS= ILS / a = 60/4 = 15A

  4. Autotransformer Example continued How did the load current become 60A? 15A provided directly to the load by VHS 45A provided to the load by “transformer action”

  5. Example 3.1 • A 400-turn autotransformer, operating in the step-down mode with a 25% tap, supplies a 4.8-kVA, 0.85 Fp lagging load. The input to the transformer is 2400-V, 60-Hz. Neglecting the small losses and leakage effects, determine • (a) the load current, • (b) the incoming line current, • (c) the transformed current, • (d) the apparent power conducted and the apparent power transformed.

  6. Example 3.1 part a a = NHS / NLS = 400/(0.25)(400) = 4 VLS = VHS / a = 2400 / 4 = 600 V ILS = 4800 VA / 600 V = 8 A = ILOAD

  7. Example 3.1 parts b, c, d • (b) ILINE = IHS = ILS / a = 8 A / 4 = 2 A • (c) ITR = ILS – IHS = (8 – 2) A = 6 A • (d) Scond = IHSVLS = (2 A)(600 V) = 1200 VA Strans = ITRVLS = (6 A)(600 V) = 3600 VA

  8. Two-Winding Transformer connected as an Autotransformer Two-Winding Transformer Reconnected as Autotransformer

  9. Example 3.2 • A 10-kVA, 60-Hz, 2400—240-V distribution transformer is reconnected for use as a step-up autotransformer with a 2640-V output and a 2400-V input. • Determine • (a) the rated primary and secondary currents when connected as an autotransformer; • (b) the apparent-power rating when connected as an autotransformer.

  10. Example 3.2 continued As a two-winding transformer

  11. Example 3.2 continued As an autotransformer

  12. Example 3.2 Simulation

  13. Buck-Boost Transformer “Buck”>Subtract the low-voltage output from the line voltage “Boost” >>> Add the low-voltage output to the line voltage

  14. Buck-Boost Transformer voltages 120 X 240 V primary 12 X 24 V or 16 X 32 V secondary

  15. 120/240 V operation For 120 V operation, connect H1 to H3 and H2 to H4 For 240 V operation, connect H2 to H3

  16. 12/24 V or 16/32V operation For 12 V or 16 V operation, connect X1 to X3 and X2 to X4 For 24 or 32 V operation, connect X2 to X3

  17. Available Buck-Boost Voltage Ratios

  18. Example 3.3 • The rated voltage of an induction motor driving an air conditioner is 230-V. The utilization voltage is 212-V. • (a) Select a buck-boost transformer and indicate the appropriate connections that will closely approximate the required voltage. • (b) Repeat (a), assuming the utilization voltage is 246-V.

  19. Example 3.3 continued • The required step-up voltage ratio is a’=VHS / VLS = 230/212 = 1.085 • Choose the best available voltage ratio from Table 3.1 as a’=1.100. • Need a 240-V primary and 12-V secondaries • Connect the 120-V primaries in series • Connect the 12-v secondaries in series

  20. Example 3.3 (a) Output Voltage = a’VLS = (1.100)(212) = 233.2 V

  21. Example 3.3 part (b) • The required step-down voltage ratio is a’ = VHS / VLS = 246/230 = 1.070 • Choose a’ = 1.0667 from Table 3.1 • Need a 240-V primary and 16-V secondaries • Connect the 120-V primaries in series • Connect the 16-V secondaries in parallel

  22. Example 3.3 (b) Check this connection Page 102 of the text by Hubert Output voltage = VHS / a’ = 246/1.0667 = 230.6 V

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