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CSC 140: Introduction to IT

CSC 140: Introduction to IT. File Processing. Topics. Displaying files: cat, less, od, head, tail File management: cp, mv, rm, ls, wc Creating and appending Concatenating files Comparing files Printing files. Displaying Files. cat less od head tail. Displaying files: cat.

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CSC 140: Introduction to IT

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  1. CSC 140: Introduction to IT File Processing CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  2. Topics • Displaying files: cat, less, od, head, tail • File management: cp, mv, rm, ls, wc • Creating and appending • Concatenating files • Comparing files • Printing files CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  3. Displaying Files • cat • less • od • head • tail CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  4. Displaying files: cat cat [options] [file1 [file2 … ]] -e Displays $ at the end of each line. -n Print line numbers before each line. -t Displays tabs as ^I and formfeeds as ^L -v Display nonprintable characters, except for tab, newline, and formfeed. -vet Combines –v, -e, -t to display all nonprintable characters. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  5. Displaying files: less less [file1 [file2 … ]] h Displays help. q Quit. space Forward one page. return Forward one line. b Back one page. y Back one line. :n Next file. :p Previous file. / Search file. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  6. Displaying files: od od [options] [file1 [file2 … ]] -c Also display character values. -x Display numbers in hexadecimal. > file /kernel/genunix /kernel/genunix: ELF 32-bit MSB relocatable SPARC > od -c /kernel/genunix 0000000 177 E L F 001 002 001 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 0000020 \0 001 \0 002 \0 \0 \0 001 \0 004 246 230 \0 \0 \0 0000040 \0 033 ^ ` \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 4 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 0000060 \0 017 \0 \n 235 343 277 240 310 006 004 244 020 CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  7. Displaying files: head and tail Display first/last 10 lines of file. head [-#] [file1 [file2 … ]] -# Display first # lines. tail [-#] [file1 [file2 … ]] -# Display last # lines. -f If data is appended to file, continue displaying new lines as they are added. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  8. File Management • Copying Files • Moving Files • Removing Files • File sizes CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  9. Copying Files Copying Files • cp [options] file1 file2 Options: -f, -i , -p, -r CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  10. Copying files: cp cp [options] source destination cp [options] source1 source2 dest-dir -i Asks for confirmation if dest exists. -f Force copying if no write permission on destination. -p Preserve file metadata, such as ownership, permissions, and timestamp. -r Recursively copy subdirectories. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  11. Moving Files Moving Files • mv [options] file1 file2 • mv [options] file-list directory CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  12. Moving files: mv mv [options] source destination mv [options] source1 source2 dest-dir -i Asks for confirmation if dest exists. -f Force move regardless of permissions of destination. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  13. Removing Files Removing/ Deleting Files • rm [options] file-list CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  14. Removing files: rm rm [options] target1 [target2, …] -i Asks for confirmation if dest exists. -f Force removal regardless of permissions of destination. -r Recursively remove subdirectories. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  15. File Size Determining File Size • ls –l wc [options] file-list CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  16. Word count: wc wc [options] target1 [target2, …] -c Count bytes in file only. -l Count lines in file only. -w Count words in file only. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  17. File Processing • Creating and appending to files. • Concatenating files with cat. • Comparing files with diff. • Finding unique lines with uniq. • Printing files under BSD and SYSV UNIX. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  18. Creating and Appending to Files Creating files > cat >file Hello world Ctrl-d Appending to files > cat >> file Hello world line 2 Ctrl-d > cat file Hello world Hello world line 2 CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  19. Concatenating Files > cat >file1 This is file #1 > cat >file2 This is file #2 > cat file1 file2 >joinedfile > cat joinedfile This is file #1 This is file #2 CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  20. Comparing files: diff diff [options] oldfile newfile -b Ignore trailing blanks and treat other strings of blanks as equivalent. -c Output contextual diff format. -e Output ed script for converting oldfile to newfile. -i Ignore case in letter comparisons. -u Output unified diff format. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  21. Comparing Files with diff diff [options][file1][file2] CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  22. diff Example > diff Fall_Hours Spring_Hours 1c1 < Hours for Fall 2004 --- > Hours for Spring 2005 6a7 > 1:00 - 2:00 p.m. 9d9 < 3:00 - 4:00 p.m. 12,13d11 < 2:00 - 3:00 p.m. < 4:00 - 4:30 p.m. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  23. Removing Repeated Lines uniq [options][+N][input-file][output-file] > cat sample This is a test file for the uniq command. It contains some repeated and some nonrepeated lines. Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. And, some are not consecutive, like the following. Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. The above line, therefore, will not be considered a repeated line by the uniq command, but this will be considered repeated! line by the uniq command, but this will be considered repeated! > uniq sample This is a test file for the uniq command. It contains some repeated and some nonrepeated lines. Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. And, some are not consecutive, like the following. Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. The above line, therefore, will not be considered a repeated line by the uniq command, but this will be considered repeated! CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  24. uniq uniq [options] input [output file] -c Precedes each output line with a count of the number of times the line occurred in the input. -d Suppresses the writing of lines that are not repeated in the input. -u Suppresses the writing of lines that are repeated in the input. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  25. Removing Repeated Lines • uniq [options][+N][input-file][output-file] • > uniq -c sample • 1 This is a test file for the uniq command. • 1 It contains some repeated and some nonrepeated lines. • 3 Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. • 1 And, some are not consecutive, like the following. • 1 Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. • 1 The above line, therefore, will not be considered a repeated • 2 line by the uniq command, but this will be considered repeated! • > uniq -d sample • Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. • line by the uniq command, but this will be considered repeated! • > uniq -d sample out • > cat out • Some of the repeated lines are consecutive, like this. • line by the uniq command, but this will be considered repeated! CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  26. Printing Files CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  27. Printing Files Printing Files lp [options] file-list lpr [options] file-list CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  28. Printing Files lpq [options] CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  29. Printing Files Canceling Your Print Job cancel [options] [printer] CIT 140: Introduction to IT

  30. Printing Files Canceling Your Print Job (Contd) lprm [options][jobID-list][user(s)] CIT 140: Introduction to IT

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