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Evolution of Municipal Planning: Principles, History, and Functions

Explore the historic roots and key principles of municipal planning, from Spanish colonization to modern zoning practices. Discover how planning shapes communities and adds value, emphasizing the importance of adapting to changing times and fostering community collaboration.

ericrichardson
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Evolution of Municipal Planning: Principles, History, and Functions

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  1. What is Planning? Basic principles, history and functions of municipal planning. Dh 2005

  2. Historic Roots of Municipal Planning • “Law of the Indies” – Spanish colonization (carry over from Romans) • Thomas Jefferson – creating regularity and simplicity of land ownership / opening up the “West” • Frederick Law Olmstead – avoid disease and pestilence of urban areas / lead to the “City Beautiful” movement

  3. Resistance to the ills of industrialization – zoning begins in upstate New York and Ohio • Methods of land speculation in the West • Suburban explosion after WWII – major highways, separation of uses, home ownership, industrialized home construction

  4. Arizona Planning History • Early stages of zoning – deed restrictions, early attempts in the 1930s-1950s, modern zoning in the 1960s-1970s, allowed but not required • General Planning – freeway plan of 1961, Eisner Plan in 1967, State law in 1971, Growing Smarter updates 1998-2000

  5. Key Principles in Planning • There is no ‘perfect plan’ – it is a matter of choices, style, conditions & resources • Developing a ‘vision’ is a key step – can be done by a single visionary or through community collaboration • Planning depends on community values • Collective values • Written vs. unwritten

  6. Planning Principles • There are no guaranties or absolutes • Planning processes are made to adapt to changing times and conditions • Politics will shift over time • Public attitudes change • Unforeseen and outside changes occur that can stimulate the need to change plans • Crises come and go

  7. Planning is not easy • Few of us live ‘in the future’ • It takes a long time for plans to result in actual physical elements • It doesn’t respond easily to the ‘nice guy’ or to ‘quick fixes’ • It takes commitment and perseverance • It deals with results that are hard to pinpoint / they don’t show a ‘bottom-line’ easily

  8. How are these visions and values put into action? • Planning stimulates desired actions • There are some controls and limitations given to planning • Communication to stakeholders is very important • The community must take a leadership role

  9. How does planning add value to the community? • Key systems that support the functions of the community work well – infrastructure is adequate and in place • People are willing to pay to live and work in a well planned community • Services can meet the needs of the residents and businesses • Residents don’t harm their neighbors • Property rights are established (predictability, protection, can be found)

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