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Classroom Observation Strategies for Managing ADHD in Schools

Learn systematic observation methods like Fixed Interval Sampling and Instantaneous Time Sampling to gather data on ADHD behaviors in school settings. Utilize behavior management and general classroom strategies to support students with ADHD. Discover intervention approaches and associated difficulties to address cognitive, affective, and social challenges.

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Classroom Observation Strategies for Managing ADHD in Schools

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  1. The ADHD Toolkit SECTION 2 The school setting

  2. Systematic classroom observation(1) Fixed interval sampling (FIS) • Target student only is observed • Recordings are made of predominant behaviour at 15 second intervals • Provides data on frequency and duration of behaviour • Can be used in any settingfor lessons of varying lengths

  3. FIS data analysis

  4. FIS data analysis

  5. Systematic classroom observation(2) Instantaneous time sampling (ITS) • Target student and non-ADHD comparison are observed • ‘Snapshot’ of behaviour recorded at 30-second intervals • Used over a ten-minute period (20 observations), or three periods in different parts of a lesson

  6. ITS data analysis

  7. ITS data analysis

  8. General classroom strategies Refer to checklists in Chapter 6 for: • Inattention: • Classroom layout • Sustaining attention • Time management and organisation • Hyperactivity • Impulsiveness

  9. Behaviour management strategies • Rules – consistent, positive, clearly displayed • Involve pupils in deciding rewards and sanctions • Remain calm, do not shout • Model appropriate behaviour at all times • Rewards – value good behaviour with rewards • Reprimands – short and given at time of incident • Interventions – time-out, ignore-rules-praise, token economies, behavioural contracts • Positive behaviour-related comments to be made 4 times as often as negative comments

  10. Associated difficulties • Cognitive difficulties • Affective difficulties: • Emotional immaturity • Social relationships • Self-esteem • Other difficulties

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