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Animals and Their Traits

Animals and Their Traits. Objective 5.3: Identify major internal structures, external structures, methods of locomotion, methods of reproduction, and stages of development of animals. Animals are classified into 2 major groups: vertebrates & invertebrates. Vertebrates—animals w/a backbone

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Animals and Their Traits

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  1. Animals and Their Traits Objective 5.3: Identify major internal structures, external structures, methods of locomotion, methods of reproduction, and stages of development of animals.

  2. Animals are classified into 2 major groups: vertebrates & invertebrates Vertebrates—animals w/a backbone The five main classes of vertebrates are fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, and mammals. All vertebrates have an internal skeleton of bone & cartilage or just cartilage alone. In addition to a bony spinal column, all have a bony cranium surrounding the brain. Vertebrates have a heart with two to four chambers, a liver, pancreas, kidneys, and a number of other internal organs. Most have two pairs of appendages that have formed as either fins, limbs, or wings.

  3. Animals are classified into 2 major groups • Invertebrates—animals that do not have backbone & are the ones w/which you can do science experiments • Examples include corals, sponges, sea urchins, starfish, sand dollars, worms, snails, clams, spiders, crabs, and insects. • In fact, more than 98 % of the nearly two million described species of organisms are invertebrates. • They range in size from less than one millimeter to several meters long. • Invertebrates display a fascinating diversity of body forms, means of locomotion, and feeding habits.

  4. Endotherm= warm blooded Endothermic animals are those who must generate their own heat to maintain a constant internal body temperature. Examples: Mammals and Birds Cold Blooded V. Warm Blooded • Cold blooded = ectotherm • An ectothermic animal is one who can’t regulate its body temperature, so its body temperature fluctuates according to its surroundings. • They warm their bodies by absorbing heat from their surroundings. Most invertebrates live in water or spend at least some part of their life in water. • Examples: Reptiles, Fish, Amphibians

  5. Infrared Images: you probably have done this at the Exploreum Endotherms (Warm-Blooded) Ectotherms (Cold-Blooded)

  6. Types of symmetry (shape/body plan): • Bilateral Symmetry (can be divided into right and left halves; nearly mirror images) • Radial Symmetry (body parts arranged in a circle around a center point) • Asymmetry (not symmetrical), no definite shape as seen in this sea sponge

  7. Locomotion: different ways animals move • Legs (Walk: birds, insects, people) • Limbless (Crawl—snails, snakes, worms) • Fins (Swim--fish) • Wings (Fly, birds & insects) • Tube Feet (Sea Stars) • Tentacles (Squid, Octopi)

  8. Respiration: the different ways organisms exchange gases w/their environment, but regardless of what is used, gas exchange occurs by diffusion • Sponges and jellyfish lack specialized organs for gas exchange and take in gases directly from the surrounding water by diffusion. • Flatworms (flukes, planaria, tapeworms) & annelids (earthworms among others) use their outer surfaces as gas exchange surfaces. • Arthropods (insects, not all), crustaceans, mollusks, amphibians, and fish use gills. • Terrestrial vertebrates utilize internal lungs, so do frogs when mature. May take a bullfrog 3 years to develop lungs.

  9. Marine annelids exchange gases through their appendages

  10. Respiration with the use of gills

  11. 2 Types of Reproduction in Animals: Asexual and sexual • Asexual reproduction occurs w/out the joining of gametes (egg & sperm) • Budding and fragmentation • Sexual reproduction occurs w/the joining of gametes (egg & sperm)

  12. Marine hydra budding Asexual Reproduction Can Occur 2 Ways • BUDDING • A small part of the parent’s body develops into an independent organism. • Examples: hydra, certain species of jellyfish, echinoderms, coral, tapeworms

  13. Asexual reproduction: Fragmentation • An organism breaks into two or more parts, each of which may grow into a separate individual. • Examples: hydra, certain species of jellyfish, echinoderms, coral, tapeworms

  14. Incomplete Metamorphosis: process of physical change where the body just gets larger it doesn’t change form Examples of animals undergoing this process: Grasshopper, dragonflies, crickets, cockroaches, ants, stinkbugs

  15. Complete metamorphosis: body form changes dramatically from one stage to the next during development Examples of animals that undergo this process: Beetles, butterflies, silkworms, mealworms, ladybugs, moths, flies, mosquitoes

  16. Comparison of the lengths of metamorphosis for different organisms Species Egg Larva/Nymph Pupa Adult • Housefly 1 day 2 weeks 1 week 2 wks • Ladybug 4 days 2 weeks 2 wks 3-9 mon • Monarch Butterfly 4 days 2 weeks 10 days 2-6 wks • Cicada 1 month 13/17 years no such stage 2 mon • Mayfly 1 month 3 years no such stage 1 day • Cockroach 1 month 3 months no such stage 9 mos

  17. Mayfly Locust (Cicada)

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