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11.3 Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

11.3 Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia. Turkish people convert to Islam and establish new empires that renew Muslim civilization. The Rise of the Turks. Decline of the Abbassids Powerful Abbasid Empire faces many attacks during 700s and 800s. Persians conquer Abbasid capital, Baghdad, in 945.

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11.3 Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

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  1. 11.3 Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia Turkish people convert to Islam and establish new empires that renew Muslim civilization.

  2. The Rise of the Turks • Decline of the Abbassids • Powerful Abbasid Empire faces many attacks during 700s and 800s. • Persians conquer Abbasid capital, Baghdad, in 945.

  3. The Conquering Seljuks • Turks are a nomadic group living along western border of China. • Group led by Turkish family—the Seljuks—seizes Baghdad in 1055. • In 1071 Seljuk sultans crush Byzantine Empire at Battle of Manzikert. • Seljuks take most of Anatolia; bring Turks close to Constantinople.

  4. The Turks Secure Persian Support • Turks seek support of Persians and embrace Persian culture. • Give Persians key posts, including that of vizier, or prime minister. • Adopt Persian language and religion—Islam. • Malik Shah was one of the most famous Seljuk rulers, or shahs. • He and other shahs support Persian artists and build mosques.

  5. Seljuks Confront Crusaders and Mongols • Malik Shah Dies • In 1092 Malik Shah dies; no capable shah replaces him. • Seljuk Empire disintegrates into loose collection of minor kingdoms.

  6. The Seljuks and the Crusaders Crusades begin in 1095—Christians drive the Turks out of Anatolia. • In 1099, Crusaders capture Jerusalem; massacre Muslims and Jews. • A fragment of Seljuk Empire fights back and Muslims recover Jerusalem. • Saladin allows Western pilgrims access to Christian holy places…

  7. Mongols control (Ilkhanate) • The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate was a Persianate breakaway state of the Mongol Empire, which was ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu. • It was established in the 13th century and was based primarily in Persia as well as neighboring territories, such as present-day Azerbaijan, and the central and eastern parts of present-day Turkey. • The Ilkhanate was based, originally, on Genghis Khan's campaigns in the Khwarezmid Empire in 1219–1224, and was founded by Genghis's grandson, Hulagu. • In its fullest extent, the state expanded into territories which today comprise most of Iran, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, western Afghanistan and southwestern Pakistan. • The Ilkhanate initially embraced many religions, but was particularly sympathetic to Buddhism and Christianity. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with Ghazan in 1295, embraced Islam.

  8. Seljuks face the Mongols • Mongol armies under leader Hulagu capture Baghdad in 1258. • Hulagu, Genghis Kahn’s grandson, burns palace, and kills Abbasid caliph. • Ends Turkish rule with much bloodshed.

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