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Perspective on ILC SC Technology Collaboration Fermilab-China

Perspective on ILC SC Technology Collaboration Fermilab-China. Bob Kephart ILC Program Director Fermilab. International Linear Collider. The world-wide High Energy Physics consensus is that the next new international facility after LHC should be a 500 GeV/c CM e+e- Collider

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Perspective on ILC SC Technology Collaboration Fermilab-China

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  1. Perspective on ILC SC Technology Collaboration Fermilab-China Bob Kephart ILC Program Director Fermilab

  2. International Linear Collider • The world-wide High Energy Physics consensus is that the next new international facility after LHC should be a 500 GeV/c CM e+e- Collider • upgradeable to 1 TeV/c • In 2005 the Global Design Effort (GDE) was formed in to create a machine design • International effort (Americas, Europe, Asia) • Successfully completed a Reference Design Report and associated cost estimate in 2007 • Currently the GDE is working to create an Engineering Design by 2010

  3. Importance of China as a Major Partner • The ILC scale requires global participation • China’s High Energy Physics Program has been developing rapidly in recent years • Explosive growth in Chinese Economy and Industrial Capability makes China a desirable partner for a challenging project like ILC • Components will need to be mass produced in industry in all three regions (Americas, Asia, Europe) China could become a major player

  4. Why should China be interested? (1) • The Physics Program is Excellent! • SRF Technology has many potential applications • SRF Linacs for HEP • International Linear Collider (electrons) • Proton Linacs for: • Intense Neutrino sources (Project X proposal at Fermilab) • Front-end of a Muon Collider • SRF technology has many other applications • ERL’s for light sources (Materials & Medical science) • Proton Linacs for: • Spallation Neutron sources • Accelerator driven Sub-critical Reactors • Nuclear waste transmutation • Medical Isotope generation or Proton therapy • etc

  5. Why should China be interested? (2) • China’s manufacturing based economy has been doing extremely well • The next natural step in the evolution of the Chinese economy will be innovation based and will depend on development of new advanced technologies • History shows that basic scientific research has been the key element in driving innovation • Trains next generations of scientists and engineers • Develops world class technological workers • Leads to a knowledge based economy

  6. The ILC and Fermilab Goals of Fermilab’s ILC R&D: • Establish credentials in ILC machine design • Develop proficiency in SRF technology • Become a trusted international partner ….with the overall goal of preparing FNAL as viable ILC host site As part of the GDE our goal is to help design the machine, estimate the cost, and gain international support. • Fermilab ILC R&D activities: • ILC Machine Design • Development of SRF technology & infrastructure • Conventional Facility & Site Studies for a US ILC site • Industrialization & Cost Reduction • ILC Physics, Detector Design and R&D (not in this talk)

  7. SRF and the ILC • The ILC employs two 250 GeV linacs arranged to produce 500 GeV/c collisions in the center of mass. • High Power beams are required  choice of Superconducting RF technology ( best wall plug to beam efficiency) • HUGE: total length=23 km, 1680 Cryomodules, 14,560 SRF cavities, all operating at an average gradient of 31.5 MV/m) ~30 km

  8. Project X: Near term use for ILC SRF A FNAL stepping stone to ILC • A plan is being developed for a 8 GeV SC ProtonLinac to increase FNAL Main Injector beam power to > 2.3 MW • Long base line Neutrino Physics • Physics at the intensity frontier (e.g. me conversion) • Modified version of Proton Driver Plan • Based on 7 GeV of ~ ILC Linac(9 mA x 1 mS x 5 Hz) • Accelerates H minus ions • 0.6 GeV Low Beta SC linac • 0.6-8 GeV ILC style linac • Stripping and accumulation in Recycler • Beam accelerated to (up to) 120 GeV in MI • Also 8 GeV program 8

  9. Project X Layout 120 GeV fast extraction spill 1.5 x 1014 protons/1.4 sec 2 MW 8 GeV extraction 1 second x 2.25 x 1014 protons/1.4 sec 200 kW Recycler 3 linac pulses/fill Main Injector 1.4 sec cycle 8 GeV H- Linac 9mA x 1 msec x 5 Hz Stripping Foil Single turn transfer @ 8 GeV 0.6-8 GeV ILC Style Linac 0.6 GeV Front End Linac 9

  10. Proton Beam Power 10

  11. ILC/Project X Cavities • Cavities are made from pure Nb Sheet • cells deep drawn and electron beam welded • Why Niobium? • Highest critical temperature (9.2K) & Critical field (Bc =1800 G) of all pure metals • What limits cavity performance ? • Surface defects  quench (few micron size defects matter) • Particulates  field emission • Ultimately, Peak Magnetic field on SC AES Tesla-shape

  12. ILC SRF Goals • Demonstrate the baseline ILC Main Linac technology • GDE S0: Cavity gradient of 35 MV/m; good yield • GDE S1: Cryomodules with average gradient > 31.5 MV/m • GDE S2: One or more ILC rf unit with ILC beam parameters • Key issue is variability in cavity performance • Develop FNAL expertise in SRF technology • Train FNAL staff: Command of the technology for ILC • R&D to improve ILC performance, reduce cost • Collaborate with U.S. & International ILC partners • Transfer SRF technology to industry • Build FNAL SRF Infrastructure to support these activities • These goals are closely aligned with a developing plan for a SC linac based intense Proton source (Project X)

  13. ILC Cryomodule Cryomodules are complex • 8 or 9 Cavities, ultra clean surfaces • Operate in 2K superfluid He • Quad Focusing magnets • Couplers feed RF energy to cavities • Tuners adjust cavity resonant frequency to match klystron Cryomodules are expensive • Single most expensive component of the ILC • FNAL leads an international team working to improve the TESLA CM design for ILC (DESY, INFN, KEK, CERN, SLAC, India, etc) • Must industrialize cavities, components, and maybe CM assembly • Developing the extensive infrastructure to build and test CM’s • Project X would need 40 ILC-like Cryomodules TTF Cryomodule

  14. ML basic building block ILC RF Unit: 3 CM, klystron, modulator, LLRF Baseline design now has 2 CM with 9 cavities, 1 CM with 8 cavities + quad

  15. Cavity/CM process and Testing Fail! Cavity Fabrication Surface Processing Vertical Testing Fail! Pass! Horizontal Testing HPR or reprocess He Vessel, couplers, tuner Pass! Cold String Assembly Plan… Develop in labs then transfer technology to industry

  16. SCRF Infrastructure • This process requires extensive infrastructure • Bare cavities • Fabrication facilities (Electron beam welder, QC, etc) • Surface treatment facilities BCP & Electro-polish facilities (EP) • Ultra clean H20 & High Pressure Rinse systems • Vertical Test facilities ( Cryogenics + low power RF) • Cavity Dressing Facilities ( cryostat, tuner, coupler) • Class 10/100 clean room • Horizontal Test System (cryogenics and pulsed RF power) • Cryomodule Assembly Facilities • Large class 10/100 clean rooms, Large fixtures • Cryo-module test facilities • Cryogenics, pulsed RF power, LLRF, controls, shielding, etc. • Beam tests  electron source (RF unit test facilities) • In 2005 FNAL began building this infrastructure

  17. FNAL/U.S. SRF infrastructure • Cavity Surface Processing (electro polish) • Cornell processing facility • Jlab processing facility • Joint FNAL/ANL facility at ANL • Vertical Test Stand: (IB1) • Tests “bare” cavities • Horizontal test stand (MDB) • Cryomodule Assembly areas (MP9 + IB1) • 1st ILC like cryomodule (being assembled) • 3.9 GHz cryomodule under assembly for DESY • RF Unit Test Facility (ILCTA_NML) • ILC-like beam to test full RF units • Move FNAL A0 Photo-injector • Add Capture Cavity II

  18. U.S. Cavity Processing & Test Cavity Fabrication By Industry Surface Processing @ Cornell Surface Processing @ ANL/FNAL Surface Processing @ Jlab ~10/yr ~50/yr ~40/yr Vertical Testing @ Jlab Vertical Testing @ Cornell Vertical Testing @ FNAL ILC R&D goals require new large processing facility ~ 300/yr Exists Cavity Dressing & Horizontal Testing @ Fermilab Developing

  19. New ANL-FNAL Processing Facility Chemistry, Clean rooms, BCP,HPR & state-of-the-art EP @ANL New Clean Rooms 1st EP Aug 07 Single cell New Chemistry Rooms & EP Operational ~ Dec 07 ~ 50 EP cycles/yr

  20. New Vertical Test @ FNAL Nine-cell Tesla-style cavity • Recently commissioned (IB1) • Existing 125W@ 1.8 K Cryo plant • RF system in collaboration with Jlab • Capable of testing ~50 Cavities/yr • Evolutionary upgrades: • Thermometry for 9-cells, 2 cavities at a time, 2 top plates, Cryo upgrades • Plan for two additional VTS cryostats • Ultimate capacity ~ 264 tests/yr Plan for 2 more VTS pits VTS Cryostat:IB1 New RF & Control Room

  21. Cavity Process & VTS Results ILC Goal ACCEL (Europe) AES (U.S.) ACCEL= experienced, AES is new vendor, cavities are limited by Quench vs. FE

  22. Horizontal Test System • After successful vertical test: • Cavity welded inside He vessel • Cavity opened to install main coupler • Tuner added • Horizontal Test: • test cavity with pulsed RF power before it is buried in CM • Also serves as high power R&D Test Bed “Dressing” 1st 1.3 GHz Cavity in HTS Cryostat HTS Cryostat Installed at MDB

  23. MDB Infrastructure Cryogenics transfer lines in MDB 300 KW RF Power for HTS RF Power for HTS Capture Cavity-II Large Vacuum Pump for 2K

  24. Cryomodule Assembly Facility • Goal: Assemble R&D Cryomodules • Where: MP9 and ICB buildings • MP9: 2500 ft2 clean room, Class 10/100 • Cavity dressing and string assembly • ICB: final cryomodule assembly • Infrastructure: • Clean Rooms, Assembly Fixtures • Clean Vacuum, gas, water & Leak Check • DESY Cryomodule “kit” being assembled now ICB clean: Final Assembly fixtures installed Cavity string for 1st CM String Assembly MP9 Clean Room

  25. RF Unit Test Facility (ILCTA_NM) 72 M ~ 22 M Existing Building New ILC like tunnel ILC RF unit Diagnostics Gun 3rd har 2nd ILC RF unit CC I,II Bunch Compressor Laser Test Area New Building Test Areas RF Equipment • Overall Plan: Test ILC RF units • 3 CM, Klystron, Modulator, LLRF • Move A0 Injector to provide ILC like beam • New bldg: diagnostic, AARD, new cryo plant • ILC Twin tunnel design to allow 2nd RF unit and to study tunnel layout and maintenance issues new 300 W cryo plant

  26. Recent Picture of NML Facility

  27. FNAL-China Collaboration • Long history of FNAL-China Collaboration • 1979: ~ 20 Chinese accelerator physicists visited FNAL to learn about building Proton Synchrotrons • US-China Joint Committee on HEP established • 28th annual meeting at FNAL Nov 19-20, 2007 • Experimental Collaborations • Early Fixed target experiments at FNAL • Tevatron: D0 experiment ( on-going) • CMS: Collaboration to build Muon Chambers • BES III: T Liu consults on trigger electronics • Collaboration on ILC & Project X seems natural

  28. China SRF Cavity R&D for ILC CSNS (upgrade=SRF LINAC) Cryomodules for XFEL BEPCII spare SRF cavity Detector R&D Test Beam BES III, D0,CMS,ATLAS China’s strength in crystals Neutrino Physics Daya Bay Future Experiments? Fermilab SRF Cavity R&D for ILC SRF LINAC for Project X ILC/Project XCryomodules 3.9 GHz for FLASH/XFEL and ILC crab cavities Detector R&D Test Beam CDF,D0,CMS Crystal Calorimetry for ILC Neutrino Physics MINOS, NOvA… Future Experiments with Project X or DUSEL ? Many Shared Interests

  29. Developing Collaborations • Developing specific plan for ILC/Project X collaborative work • Cavity Development • Cavity development, Nb from China • Cavity testing, SRF surface physics • Development of Chinese and FNAL SRF infrastructure • Development of accelerator equipment • Machine design and simulation • Cryomodule Development • RF: Modulators, klystrons, RF distribution • Conventional Magnets for DR, instrumentation, controls, etc. • Detector R&D • Personnel exchange FNAL- China • Developing collaborations… • Umbrella MOU with Peking University signed in Oct 07 • Umbrella MOU with IHEP to be signed mid-Nov • Encourage other institutions to get involved

  30. Conclusions • Growing FNAL collaborations with Asia: • Long history of collaboration with Japan • New collaborations with Indian institutions • China can be an important new partner for both Project X and ILC • We are encouraged by our discussions • Developing the details • Thanks for inviting us to this meeting to understand your thinking on ILC… and to tell you about our plans for ILC R&D and Project X

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