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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Who know student ahmed. 1- IDENTIFICATION. Definition : - It is the recognition of a person through certain features which differentiate him from all other persons. - It may be complete or partial. Identification. Search a sample against a database of templates.
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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم prof Kabbash
Who know student ahmed prof Kabbash
1- IDENTIFICATION • Definition: - It is the recognition of a person through certain features which differentiate him from all other persons. - It may be complete or partial. prof Kabbash
Identification • Search a sample against a database of templates. • Typical application: identifying fingerprints ? prof Kabbash
Verification (prove) • Compare a sample against a single stored template. • Typical application: voice lock ? prof Kabbash
1- IDENTIFICATION • Complete identification Absolute fixation of the individuality or a person. • Partial identification Ascertainment of only some facts (race. Sex. Age, stature) while others remain still unknown. prof Kabbash
Types of identification: 1- Legal identification: It is complete description of an unknown dead body in order to know the identity of this person later on. ) explosion, travel accidents, decomposed bodies, mutilated bodies ( prof Kabbash
Types of identification 2- Personal identification. 3- Criminal identification 4- Civil identification. prof Kabbash
Methods of identification: 1- Anthropometry 2- Portraite parledescriptive (eye – hair – scar – skin color) 3- Photographs: prof Kabbash
Methods of identification: 4- Dactylography (Finger prints): • Definition • Types (arches –loops - whorls - composite) • Finger prints are transiently lost (radiation) • Permanently lost • Poroscopy: prof Kabbash
Fingerprints( loop) prof Kabbash
Fingerprint with blood prof Kabbash
Distorted fingerprint prof Kabbash
Methods of identification: 5- Palm prints: 6- Foot prints: In maternity hospital to guard against mixing of infants (common). 7- Lip prints: prof Kabbash
Other recent prints • Iris prints . • Voice prints. • D.N.A. Prints prof Kabbash
Iris Scan • Image Acquisition Image Processing • Template Creation • Template Matching • Uses to date: • Physical access control • Computer authentication prof Kabbash
Iris Scan: SWAD • Strengths: • 300+ characteristics; 200 required for match • Weaknesses: • Fear • Discomfort • Availability of device • No large databases (very important in forensic practice) • Attacks: • Surgery (Minority Report ) prof Kabbash
Voice: SWAD • Strengths: • Most systems have audio hardware • Works over the telephone • Can be done in secret illegal money gain. • Weaknesses: • Background noise (airplanes) • No large database of voice samples. • Attacks: • Tape recordings. • Identical twins / soundalikes prof Kabbash
D.N.A. Prints: • Definition • Structure • Samples needed • Applications prof Kabbash
Report on unknown body. 1- Clothes 2- Features: Color of skin- eye- hair, shape of mouth, 3- Other characters: Age, sex, race, stature, social occupation, cause of death and time pass since death. prof Kabbash
Estimation of age • Teeth • Bones • General features (approximate) Around the fifth decade. prof Kabbash
ML importance of age Estimation • Civil cases: e.g. marriage, full civil rights, elections . • Criminal cases: e.g. for criminal responsibility as well as age of consent in rape. prof Kabbash
Teeth • Milk teeth small – non cusped • 6 to 24 month • Permanent teeth large – cusped prof Kabbash
Medico legal significance of teeth: 1- Age estimation: 2- Establishment of personal identity 3- Differentiate between human and animal bite. 4- Diagnosis of poisoning prof Kabbash
Diagnosis of poisoning: • Lead Blue line on the gums • Mercury Gray line on the gums. • Copper: Green line on the gums. • Cadmium: Yellow line on the gums. • Bismuth: Black line on the gums. • Arsenic: As is deposited in teeth enamel and can be detected chemically. prof Kabbash
20 14 15 17 16
17 16 20
metatarsal prof Kabbash
13 -15 23 6 21 prof Kabbash
40 25-30 3 50
Sternum Manubrium unites with the body: 60 years - Xiphoid process unites with the body 40 years prof Kabbash
N.B.: • All the above mentioned figures are for males, • in females union occurs earlier by 2 years. prof Kabbash
Some ages of medico legal importance • Age of 6 years: • Age of 7 years: Age of discrimination • Age of 14 years: • Age of 18 • Age 21 • Age of 60 prof Kabbash
Sex Identification • Evidences of sex is divided into: • The most certain evidence • The highly probable evidences • The presumptive evidences prof Kabbash
Intersex states: 1- Gonad agenesis . 2- Gonad dysgenesis. 3-Hermaphrodite : prof Kabbash
Pesticide induced gonadal abnormalities (intersex) Ovaries Testes prof Kabbash
mixed gonadal dysgenesis prof Kabbash
Female (46XX) with congenital adrenal hyperplasia prof Kabbash
Hermaphrodite a- true hermaphrodite b- false (pseudo) hermaphrodite is either: i- Male masculine or testicular hermaphrodite ii- Female feminine or ovarian hermaphrodite prof Kabbash
Intersex prof Kabbash