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Jessica Lozano Vietnam war!

Jessica Lozano Vietnam war!. The Vietnam war. the American war was one of the coldest war in the military conflict that occurred in Vietnam Laos and Cambodia from November 1,1955 threw April 30. 1975 when Saigon fell. is the Vietnam war map the is Los

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Jessica Lozano Vietnam war!

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  1. Jessica LozanoVietnam war!

  2. The Vietnam war • the American war was one of the coldest war in the military conflict that occurred in Vietnam Laos and Cambodia from November 1,1955 threw April 30. 1975 when Saigon fell.

  3. is the Vietnam war map the is Los - Cambodia - South VietnaThis m • ho chi mini trail

  4. Vietnam war The Viet cong a lightly – armed south Vietnamese – controlled common front and largely fought a guerrilla war against anti- communist forces in there region

  5. At the time committing large units into battles in the U.S.A The united states entered the war to prevent a communist take over

  6. Of the south Vietnam as part of their wider strategy of the military advisors arrived beginning in 1950. • the Paris peace accords singed by all parties in January 1973 fighting continued

  7. the war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities . Including 3 to 4 million Vietnamese from both sides ,1.5 to 2 million Laotians and Cambodians and 58.159 U.S soldiers died over a hundred years

  8. Background to 1949 • the France began its conquest of Indochina in the late 1850’s and they completed the pacification by 1893 • the Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang who staged the failed Yen Bai mutiny in 1930 • Viet controlled by the communist party of Vietnam founded on 1941

  9. During world war 2. the French were defeated by the Germany in 1940. • The German force to expelled from French . They started to hold the secrets talks with the French • During the 1944-1945 1 million of people died of starvation ( out of a population of 10 million in the affected area

  10. on 2 September 1945,- the ho chi Minh . The leader of the Viet Minh, declared the independent Democratic Republic of the Vietnam before a crowd of 500.000 in Hani. • soviet union all agreed that the area belong to the French.

  11. Second power point

  12. Exit of the French 1950 • In January 1950 the communist nation led the people to republic of Vietnam • The Korean war in June 1950 convinced many Washington policymakers in that war • The PRC military advisory began to assisting at the Viet Minh in June 1950

  13. In September 1950 the U.S created a Military Assistance and they made a group named ( MAAG) BY 1954 THE U.S HAD SUPPLIED 300,000 small arms and spent 1$ billion . they was shouldering 80 percent of the cost of the war

  14. There were also talks between the French and the Americans in which the possible use of there weapons • The U.S bases in there religion were supported in how many fighters were there • The U.S carries sailed to the Golf of Tonkin • The PRC support border Campaign of 1950 allowed supplies to come from PRC into Vietnam

  15. The battle of Dien Bien Phu marked the end of French involvement in Indochina . • The French a stunning military defeat on may 7 1954

  16. Transition period • The battle of Saigon ( 1955) Ba cut and state of Vietnam referendum The Civilians were to be given the opportunity to freely move between the two provisional states for a 300 days

  17. The last French soldiers were to leave Vietnam in April 1956. • In 1956 the Communist party leaders of Hani admitted to “excesses” • In April – June 1955 Diem against the U.S

  18. In a referendum on the future of the state of Vietnam on 23 of October Diem rigged the poll • there were98.2 percent of votes including 133%in Saigon • On October 26,1955 Diem declared the new republic of Vietnam

  19. Diem era,1955-1963 • The Domino Theory which argued that if one Country fell to communist forces than all of the surrounding countries would follow beginning in the summer of 1955 he launched the “Denounce the Communists’’

  20. About 12,000 suspected opponents of Diem were killed in the years 1955-1957 and by the end of 1958 there were about 40,000 prisoners had been in jail. In May Diem undertook a ten-day state visit to the United states

  21. Insurgency on the south 1956 • The Sino Soviet split led to a reduction in the influence of the PRC! Which had insisted in 1954 • And the south Vietnam begin to have a low level insurgency in December 1956

  22. Ho Chi Minh started “ DO NOT ENGAGE IN MILITARY OPERATIONS • Be selective in your violence. If an assassination used a knife or bomb and guns ! • soon the Le Duan a communism leader who had been working in the south returned to Hanoi to accept the position of acting first secretary

  23. And According to one estimate 20 percent of the south Vietnam village chiefs had been assassinated by the insurgents by 1958 • In January 1959 the north Central Committee issued a secret resolution authorizing an “armed struggle

  24. Increasing unpopularity of the Diem regime on December 2, 1960 According to a report on November 160 by the head of the US military advisory team

  25. During John F. Kennedy’s administration 1961-1963 • When john F. Kennedy won the presidential in 1960 one major issue Kennedy raised was whether the soviet space and missile programs had surpassed those of the US

  26. Kennedy took over . • “ pay any price , bear any burden meet any hardship support any friend oppose any foe in order to assure the survival and success of liberty • In June 1961 John F. Kennedy bitterly disagrees with soviet premier nikita KHRUSHCHEW

  27. And the legacy of the Korean war created the idea of a limited war In 1961 the USA had 50,000 troops base in KOREA AND Kennedy faced a three-part crisis – the failure of the bay of pigs invasion

  28. In May 1961 vice president Lyndon B. Johnson visited Saigon • The quality of the south Vietnamese military , however remained poor. And a bad leader ship

  29. in April 1962 John Kenneth Galbraith warned Kennedy of the ‘’ DANGER we shall replace the French as a colonial force in the area and bleed as the French did • By 1963 there were 16,000 Americans military personnel in the south of Vietnam up from Eisenhower’s 900 advisors

  30. On 23 July 1962 fourteen nations including the people’s Republic of China, South Vietnam , the Soviet Union north Vietnam and the US signed agreement promising the neutrality of Laos

  31. Coup and assassinations • The Battle of AP bacon in January of 1963 in which a small band of Viet Cong beat off a much larger and better equipped South Vietnamese to force many of whose officers seemed reluctant even to engage in combat

  32. the US officials began discussing the possibility of a regime change during the summer in 1963. The CIA was in contact with generals planning to remove Diem they were told that the US would not oppose such a move nor punish there generals by cutting off aid!

  33. The US military advisers were embedded at every level of the south Vietnamese armed of forces • The General Paul Harkins the commanders of the US forces in the South of Vietnam confidently by the Christmas in 1963

  34. Lyndon B. Johnson expands the war in 1936-1969 • Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) as he took over the presidency after the death of Kennedy they did not consider Vietnam a priority and it was more concerned with his “ Great Society”

  35. On November 24 1963 Johnson said “ the battle against communism .. Must be joined.. With strength and determination • Johnson had reversed Kennedy disengagement policy from the Vietnam in withdrawing 1,000 troops by the end of 1963 (NSAM 263 on Oct 11

  36. the military revolutionary council meeting in lieu of a strong South Vietnam leader was made up of 12 member by the General Duong Van Minh • His regime was overthrown in January 1964 by General Nguyen Khanh • on August 1964 the USS Maddox on an intelligence mission along North Vietnam’s coast

  37. The second attack was reported two days later on the USS Turner joy and Maddox In the same area . • “those sailors out there may have been shooting at the flying fishes • The Americans boys were fighting in the war in the same month

  38. An undated NSA publication declassified in 2005 however revealed that there was no attack on the 4 of August . • “ the Gulf of Tonkin incident” • The Americans people to gain support for his foreign policy

  39. From the strength of approximately 5,000 at the start of 1959 Viet Cong’s ranks grew to about 100,000 at the end of 1964 between 1961 and 1964 the Army ‘s strength rose from 850,000 to nearly a million mean • the numbers for the US troops deployed to Vietnam during the same period were quite different 2,000 in 1961 rising rapidly to 16,500 in 1964

  40. The national Security Council recommended a three –stage of there bombing the north Vietnam on March 2 1965 the following an attack on the US Marine barracks at Pleiku • Between March 1965 and November 1968 “Rolling Thunder “ deluged the north with a million tons of rocks and bombs • “we going to bomb them back into the stone age”

  41. Escalation and ground war • After several attacks upon them, it was decided that the US air force bases needed more protection • On March 8 1965 3,500 the US Marines were dispatched to the south Vietnam

  42. in a statement similar to that made to the French almost two decades earlier Ho Chi Minh warned that if the Americans want to make war for twenty years then we shall make war for twenty years.

  43. Commitment of U.S ( and other free world ) force necessary to halt the losing trend by the end of 1965 • U.S and allied force mount offensive actions to seize the initiative to destroy guerrilla and organized emery force • if the enemy persisted a period of twelve to eighteen months

  44. Tet Offensive ! • In January 1968 the NVA and NLF broke the truce that had transitionally accompanied ( Lunar New year ) holiday • He was featured on the cover of time magazine three times and was named 1965 man of the year

  45. In November 1967 Westmoreland spearheaded a public relations drive for the Johnson administstration to bolster flagging public support. • President Lyndon B. Johnson who declined to rum for relection Johnson’s approval rating slumped from 48 to 36 percent

  46. Vietnamization 1969-19 72 • Propaganda leaflets urging the defection of NLF and north Vietnamese to the side of the republic of Vietnam • on October 10, 1969 Nixon ordered a squadron of 18 b-52 loaded with nuclear weapon to race to the border of Soviet airspace

  47. But Nixon was disappointed that the PPC and the Soviet Union continued to supply the North Vietnamese with aid in September 1969 , Ho Chi Minh died at age seventy –nine • Speedy Express with a claimed body count of 10,889 Communist guerillas with only 40 U.S losses

  48. Operation Menu. The secret bombing of Cambodia and Laos • Prince Nordodom Sihanouk had proclaimed Cambodia neutral since 1955 • in 1971 the Pentagon Papers were leaked to the New York times the top – secret history of the U.S

  49. In 1971 Australia and New Zealand withdrew their Soldiers the U.S troops count was further reduced to 196,700 , with a dead line to remove another 45,000 troops by February 1972

  50. 1972 Election and Paris peace Accords • The war was the central issue of the 1972 presidential election Nixon opponent George McGovern campaigned on a platform of withdrawal from Vietnam • on January 15,1973 Nixon announced the suspension of offensive action against North Vietnam

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