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Occupational Diseases

Occupational Diseases. Causing agent: Chemical Agent Physical Agent Biological Agent Physcho -social Agents. Basic Terminologies:. Toxicology: potential of a substance to cause harm by reaction with body tissues Measurement of toxicology: Lethal Dose (LDs)

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Occupational Diseases

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  1. Occupational Diseases Causing agent: • Chemical Agent • Physical Agent • Biological Agent • Physcho-social Agents

  2. Basic Terminologies: • Toxicology: potential of a substance to cause harm by reaction with body tissues Measurement of toxicology: Lethal Dose (LDs) Single dose of a substance when administer to a batch of animal under test kills 50% of them.

  3. Degree of Lethal Dose • Extremely Toxic: 1mg or less • Highly Toxic: 1mg to 50mg • Moderately Toxic: 50mg to 500mg • Slightly Toxic: 500mg to 1gm

  4. Effects of toxic substance • Disturb normal cell functions • Damage cell membrane • Asphyxiant • Irritant • Allergic

  5. Toxicity (factors influencing) • The inherent potential of a substance to cause harm • Mode of entry • Dose received (concentration & time of exposure) • Susceptibility of individuals

  6. Susceptibility of individuals • Body weight: small weight are more effected • Age: older are more effected • Skin color: Fairer skin are more effected • Inadequate health standards are set for particular job may expose the individual to a great risk • The level of training, information, supervision and protection provided.

  7. Diseases of skin • Dermatitis: Inflammation of skin Most effected parts: Occupational dermatitis can effect any part but following parts are mainly involved. Hands, wrists and arms.

  8. Types • Irritiative • Sensitive Irritative type more common and mainly caused due to action of chemicals like: Acids, solvents and some metal & their salts These effect depends on the concentration and duration of exposure.

  9. Types • Sensitisers: cause dermatitis after an individual become sensitive to any subsatnce. This involves an allergic response on exposure followed by dermatitis. Sensitizer include: • Chrome salt • Nickel • Cobalt • Some wood and plants Once sensitation has occurred, a small dose may be sufficient to cause a rash.

  10. Symptoms • On set may unnoticed • At first , raw and rough skin • Itching may occur • Cracked and sore skin prompting individual to seek medical advise

  11. Protective measures • Change of work (for sensitive individual) • Personal hygiene is helpful • Use of barrier creams • Protecting clothing where needed

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