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Chapter 7: Applying the Coherence Principle

Chapter 7: Applying the Coherence Principle. Includes… Evidence for omitting distracting graphics and stories, sounds and background music, and detailed textual explanations Evidence for omitting extraneous words added for interest, to expand on key ideas or for technical depth.

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Chapter 7: Applying the Coherence Principle

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  1. Chapter 7: Applying the Coherence Principle Includes… • Evidence for omitting distracting graphics and stories, sounds and background music, and detailed textual explanations • Evidence for omitting extraneous words added for interest, to expand on key ideas or for technical depth

  2. E-Learning and the Science of InstructionSummary of Chapter 7: Coherence PrincipleSource: Clark & Mayer 2008 Jessica Kluntz LHDT 548

  3. Coherence Principle The use of gratuitous visuals, texts, and sounds can hurt learning. You should avoid adding any material that does not support the instructional goal.

  4. Coherence Principle 1 • Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Audio • Evidence suggests learning is better when sounds and music are excluded. • Example of extraneous audio: How to Tie a Perfect Victoria Knot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9Z8neIaDu0&feature=related How to Tie a Scarf Into an Ascot Using a Leopard Print Oblong Scarf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktm0w1427Sw&feature=related

  5. Coherence Principle 1 • The theoretical rationale against adding music and sounds to multimedia presentations is based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, which assumes working memory capacity is highly limited. • Background sounds disrupt the cognitive system.

  6. Coherence Principle 2 • Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Graphics • Unnecessary graphics and pictures can interfere with the learner’s attempts to make sense of the presented material.

  7. Coherence Principle 2 Question Why do you think this principle is valid?

  8. Practice! • You are delivering a lesson on the fatalities and damage caused by Hurricane Katrina.

  9. What is in violation of coherence principle 2? Hurricane Katrina August 23-30, 2005 Fatalities: 1,833 confirmed Damage: $108 billion 2011’s Hurricane Irene caused 49 fatalities and $10.1 billion in damages

  10. Coherence Principle 3 • Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Words • Adding extraneous words for interest, for elaboration, or for technical depth is not recommended • “Less is more”

  11. Coherence Principle 3 Let’s take a look at an example.

  12. Top Baby Names for Girls The top baby names for girls in 2006 were: Emily, Emma, Madison, Isabella and Ava. In 2007, the top baby names for girls remained relatively the same as 2006: Emily, Isabella, Emma, Ava. One new name made the Top 5: Madison. In 2008, the top baby names were: Emma, Isabella, Emily, Olivia, and Ava. Olivia was new to the top 5. Top names for girls in 2009 included: Isabella, Emma, Olivia, Sophia, and Ava. In the year 2010 the top names were: Isabella, Sophia, Emma, Ava, and Emily. The names Isabella, Emma, and Ava made the top 5 each year from 2006-2010. Emma was also a top name in 1890.

  13. Top Baby Names for Girls • The same eight names dominated the Top 5 Baby Names for Girls from 2006-2010. • Isabella, Emma, and Ava made the top 5 each year from 2006-2010.

  14. Review of the Coherence Principle • Avoid e-Lessons with extraneous audio, graphics and words. • The use of gratuitous visuals, texts, and sounds can hurt learning. • Avoid adding any material that does not support the instructional goal.

  15. Questions?

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