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INDIA. Ancient Civilization Brought into Modern World. Great Trading Partner to World for thousands of Years Included areas of modern day Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. BRITISH IMPERIALISM. Great Britain had heavily imperialized India during the 1600’s British East India Trading Company
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INDIA Ancient Civilization Brought into Modern World Great Trading Partner to World for thousands of Years Included areas of modern day Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh
BRITISH IMPERIALISM • Great Britain had heavily imperialized India during the 1600’s • British East India Trading Company • By Mid 1850’s controlled regions of India by partitioning into 505 states. • Each State ruled by local Prince • Those Princes that worked with G. Britain got most reward. • Does lead to massive infrastructure gains in India
India Moves for Independence • Founded 1885 Indian National Congress • Initially not against British Rule • Continued movement to independence • 1915 Gandhi becomes President of Congress • Although others lead Congress of years Gandhi remains spiritual leader.
WWI • Britain overtaken by WW I – fear India will revolt *opposite India supports Great Britain with over a million of troops. • Gandhi brings the masses into the movement “the common man” creates NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT1920-22 • Use only Indian Goods (No British) • Boycott British education • Do Not pay Tax • Very Effective – ends with ChauriChaura 22 Policemen killed by Indian Mob Gandhi calls of boycott
QissaKhawani Bazaar Massacre • General Dwyer leads soldiers to break up demonstration *April 23, 1930 • Opens fire on unarmed mass of people • They were unable to escape square • Kills over a thousand people • Causes Political Change throughout world • General Dwyer later murdered in England by an Indian.
INDEPNDENCE GAINS MOMENTUM General Strike (SHUTS DOWN COUNTRY) – day of pray and fasting 1930 – Gandhi leads Salt March (April 23rd) Indians for 50 years taxed on salt *Why is salt important? - Gandhi arrested
WW II India enters on side of Britain in 1939. -Viceroy without consulting Congress declares war. - Most of Congress resigns in protests -Still India has one of largest volunteer armies for allies over 200,000
QUIT INDIAMovement • 1942 Gandhi calls for immediate separation from Great Britain. • Promoted civil disobedience and not sending troops to WW II Post WWII England decides to leave India • Split of the Indian Empire into India and Pakistan and granted independence. -Widespread violence between Hindu and Muslim break out across India
MODERN INDIA -2ND Largest population in the world 1.2 Billion – Largest Democracy -2nd Fastest Growing Economy in the world -Major reforms in 1991 (Market Economy) -Largest Concentration of Poor in World
MODERN INDIA • -Has 7 of 15 top technology outsourcing companies in world • -42% of people live below World Bank’s Poverty Line………………..$1.25/day • 3rd Largest standing army in the world • Nuclear Power: 1974 -No First Use Policy • Sino-Indian War – 1962 – border dispute between China and India (Tibet) • Wars with Pakistan – 1947, 1965, 1971, 1999 (Kashmir)
Allies • Democracy but closely allied to Russia/Soviet Union – against US cold war • – big in peace keeping forces • – growing US/China relations • -Still tensions with Pakistan • -growing domestic terrorism
PAKISTAN • 6th largest population, Islamabad (capital) • Karachi largest population 13 million + • Only Muslim Nuclear State • Pakistan splits in 1971 (East becomes Bangladesh) • Democratic State – State Religion (Islam) • Most urbanized South Asian country
Military • Tightly allied to US – aid in war on terror and help supply Afghan rebels against Soviets • 6th largest Army • Military heavily supplied to US
