The Impact Made By The Civil Rights Movement

1. The Impact Made By The Civil Rights Movement Environmental Justice Movement

2. The Civil Rights Movement • Definition: The movement for racial equality in the U.S. that, through nonviolent protest, broke the pattern of racial segregation and achieved national equal rights legislation for blacks. • 1954-1968

3. Examples of Discrimination • Segregation of schools • No voting rights • No property rights • Some places would refuse to attend blacks • Public transportation • Racial inequality

4. Planning • To fight for their rights, they began to form organizations. • The most popular of these groups are: • NAACP ( National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ) • SCLC ( Southern Christian Leadership Conference ) • SNCC ( Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee ) • Black Panther Party

5. Taking Action • Boycotts • Sit-Ins • Freedom Rides • Marches • Protests

6. Key Figures in the Movement • Rosa Parks • Rev. Martin Luther King • Rev. Jesse Jackson • Malcolm X • Thurgood Marshall

7. Effective Strategies Used • Civil Disobedience- the refusal to obey a law or follow a policy believed to be unjust. • Nonviolent resistance- the practice of applying power to achieve sociopolitical goals through symbolic protests, economic or political non-cooperation, and other methods, without the use of physical violence.

8. Effective Strategies Used • They were able to get national attention by: • Newspapers • Radio • Television

9. What Did They Gain? • Supreme Court Brown decision 1954 • Civil Rights Act 1964 • Voting Rights Act 1965 • Basic civil rights for all Americans • Education

10. Racism Today • Environmental Racism: race-based discrimination in environmental policy-making, race-based differential enforcement of environmental rules and regulations; the intentional targeting of minority communities for toxic waste disposal and transfer and for the sitting of polluting industries; and the exclusion of people of color from public or private boards, commissions, regulatory bodies, and environmental nonprofit orgs.

11. Who, Where, When? • Answer: • Minorities • Poor communities • Communities of color • For more than a decade environmental racism in the U.S. has been well documented by NGOs, universities, and even the U.S. government.

12. Examples in the U.S. • New Mexico- farm workers work on crops that are treated with toxic pesticides. • South Dakota- Native American reservations are prime targets of waste disposal • Louisiana- There are over 30 petrochemical and industrial plants located within a 2 mile area of Mossville ( an African American community)

13. Grassroot Organizations Today • Fighting for environmental justice • They are getting together with other activists, lawyers, and educators to fight for justice • They continue to use the strategies that were used in the civil rights movement • They hope to reach victory the same way African Americans did in the 1960s

14. Strategies Used today • They are using the strategies that were effective during the civil rights movement. • Nonviolent protests • Going to court • Spreading public awareness on the issue • Not giving up until they reach justice

15. Conference on Race and the Incidence of Environmental Hazards, University of Michigan 1990 Clinton’s Executive Order Taking these companies to court Using Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause Public attention through court cases, protests, television, and newspapers Significant Baby Steps in the Movement

16. Reaching Justice • Although the civil rights movement contributed a lot to the environmental justice movement, there are other aspects that have made an impact on the movement. • Some of these other aspects include:

17. Academics • An academic is a person who works as a researcher (and usually teacher) at a university or similar institution. • Academics have played a important role in both sparkling and shaping the Environmental Justice Movement.

18. Beginning of the Movement • Researchers discovered that the environmental hazards had a disproportionate impact on low-income people and people of color • Researchers continued to do studies and moved forward local struggles, and reaffirmed movement leaders.

19. The Issues Fueling Environmental Justice • Poverty • Race • environmental health • Environmental laws had to be enforced equally and action be taken to reduce high levels of population

20. Goal • Getting issues on the radar • Making a difference • To assist public decision makers in identifying • “at risk” populations • toxic • research gaps • action models to correct existing imbalances and prevent future threats. • To educate

21. Different Techniques • Forming groups • Supported community struggles • Protest • A letter was written to the US Secretary charging them with: • Environmental racism • Elitism • Looking at their staff ,they wanted a response

22. Connection with Environmental Justice • Developing policies • Issue statements • Housing • Transportation • Health • Economic development • Community revitalization

23. Connection with Environmental Racism • Racism touches every institution • Employment • Housing • Education • Facility siting • Land use decisions • Environmental policy making

24. Native American Environmental Movement History / Policies, Projects & Acts / Programs / Leaders

25. “Let us put our minds together and see what life we can make for our children”

26. History of Native American Environmental Movement • 1970 • American Indian Environmental Office (AIEO) • Coordinates with EPA to strengthen public health and environmental protection in Indian Country • Emphasizing on building Tribal capacity to administer their own programs • 1973 • American Indian Movement • Help Native peoples’ rights and achieve restitutions and restoration • 1974 • Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission • Living in the watersheds of western Washington • Long-term goals: economic stability, renewable resources, and regulatory certainty • 1977 • Columbia River Inter-tribal Fish Commission • Technical support and coordinating • Fish managementpolicies of the four Columbia River treaty tribes

27. History of Native American Environmental Movement • 1980 • Native American Fish & Wildlife Society • Protect, preserve and enhance of Native American Fish & wildlife resources • 1986 • Navajo Churro Sheep Association • 160 members and 4090 registered animals • Preservation of species • Provides wool for Navajo artists • 1988 • Diné CARE • All-Navajo environmental organization • Educate, advocate, and protect the four sacred mountains • Promote alternate uses of natural resources • 1990 • Native Americans and the Environmental • Educate and empower Indigenous grassroots people to address and develop strategies for the protection of our environment • Reaffirm our traditional and natural laws

28. History of Native American Environmental Movement • 1991 • National Tribal Environmental Council • Works and assists tribes • Protection and preservation of reservation environment • 1992 • Honor the Earth • National foundation and organization • Awareness & support for Native environmental issues • Develop financial & political resources for Native communities • 1998 • Native American Ethnobotany Database • Database of foods, drugs, dyes and fibers of Native American peoples

29. Menominee Sustainable Forestry Program Protecting trees in the reservations Good Road Coalition & Natural Resource Coalition Work to stop toxic dumping on reservations First Nations Environmental Network Linking Canada’s Indigenous struggles with the north or east of thecolonial border EPA Indian Policy Works one-on-one with Tribal governments Recognize Tribal governments as the primary parties for setting standards St. Lawrence River Industrial Corridor Clean-up of PCB-contaminated wastes Indian Reorganization Act Established progressive tribal council governments Executive Order 12898 Section 6-606 Addresses subsistence consumption of fish and wildlife Focus on environmental and health conditions Executive Order 13007 Accommodate access to and ceremonial use of Indian sacred sites Avoid adversely affecting the physical integrity of sacred sites Policies, Projects, & Acts

30. Memorandum of Understanding-MOU Each agency has responsibilities and interests pertaining to the protection of human health and the environment as it relates to pollution control on Indian lands Clean Water Act – CWA protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance municipal wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff Clean Air Act – CAA sets limits on how much of a pollutant can be in the air anywhere in the United States Issues permits to business Toxic Substances Act affects how industry and others handle substances such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act Also known as Title III of SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act protect public health, safety, and the environment from chemical hazards. stressed the importance of permanent remedies and innovative treatment technologies in cleaning up hazardous waste sites Policies, Projects, & Acts

31. NTEC Air Program:has facilitated tribal participation, and provided both policy and technical support to many tribal associationsNTEC Water Program:support tribal control and management of tribal lands in accordance with each tribe's political and economic prioritiesSuperfund Working Group:a team of tribal government representatives, tribal organization delegates and federal agency officials discuss the issues encountered at Superfund sites that impact tribal resources and jeopardize the health and welfare of tribal community membersGeneral Assistance Program:provide funds to federally-recognized tribal governments to build capacity to administer environmental programs provide technical assistance from EPA in the development of multimedia programsPerformance Partnership Grant - PPG:allow tribes and states to have the flexibility to address their highest environmental priorities across all media establish resource allocations based on priorities, while continuing to address core environmental program commitments Programs

32. Leaders • Dennis J. Banks • Co-founder of the American Indian Movement • Protect the traditional ways of Indian people • Engage in legal cases protecting treaty rights of Natives

33. Leaders • Andrea Carmen • Human Rights Work of the Treaty Council at the United Nations • Traditional Perspectives & Concernsabout the Environment • The effects of Development & Toxic/Nuclear Contamination

34. Leaders • Roberto Cruz • Native Rights, Human Rights & Environmental Protection • The Native American Grave Protection & Reparation Act • Cultural Preservation & Community Organization

35. Leaders • Tom Goldtooth • Traditional Eco-Knowledge & Sustainable Community • Environmental Protection On and Near Indigenous Lands • Environmental Racism & the Environmental Justice Movement • Indigenous Deep Ecology

36. Leaders • Antonio Gonzalez • Current U.N. Developments Affecting Indigenous People • Evaluating of the U.N. Working Group on Indigenous Populations • Sovereignty Human Rights & Environmental Protection

37. Leaders • Sarah James • Oil Drilling & Global Warming: Continued Threats to the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge • Protecting Traditional Life with the Caribou • Indigenous Peoples: Part of the Ecology That Must be Protected

38. Labor Movement History

39. What is Labor Movement ? Labor Movement is define: -trade union movement, labor an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action especially via labor unions ( especially the leaders of this movement) according to WordReference.com English dictionary

40. Category Tree: • Group; grouping • Social group • Movement; social movement; front • Reform movement • Labor movement; trade union movement labor • Unionism; trade unionism • Industrial Workers of the World; IWW; I.W.W

41. How was the labor movement born? • It all began in the 1880 due the working condition. Many American were unpleased with the treatment and working shift of 6days and 14 hours. Even children were force to work without a word.

42. Who organize and establish the labor movement? • The first organizations that emerge into the labor movement were the Knight of Labor whom members were skilled and unskilled workers, farmer and small-business men. The other competing organization was the American Federation of Labor who only member were skilled workers. In 1881, another organization is the Federation of Organized Trade and Labor Unions and later became the AFL.

43. Labor Movement • Helped change laws to better the condition of workers. • In 1900 the LM help gain section the state wage and hours laws and additional to inspect the factories laws and to improve the safety conditions. Due to the incident of The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 146 women and girls die while working in this factory. The outcome later influence the International Ladies’ Garment Worker Union and a year later the Congress establish the Department of Labor.

44. What is Environmental Justice? • As define in the course power point it states the following: • Focuses on improving the overall quality of life for communities of color and/or low socio-economic status. • Refer to cultural norms and values, rules, behaviors, policies, and decision to support sustainable communities. • -A sustainable communities is one in which people can interact with confidence that their community is safe, nurturing and productive. • EJ is served when people can realize and achieve their highest potential, and the cultural diversity is respected.

45. What is the connection between EJ and labor movement? • The connection between EJ and Labor movement is that both are link to the settling better condition of human being. EJ focus the environmental condition and the LM focus on the working condition that effect humans.

46. Cesar Chavez One great person who emerges from this movement and highly influence is Cesar Chavez. At first Cesar Chavez was community organizer in 1952 under the name Community Service Organization who promoted the Latino Civil Rights Group. His dream later was to create and organizations that help condition the lives of the farm-workers.

47. Cesar Chavez • He establishes the National Farm Worker Association and later become the United Farm Worker of America. • Then he form successful protest and gain to improve the working wages, humane living conditions and terminate the pesticide. The result of his peaceful protest led the passage of new act in 1975 California Agricultural Labor Relations Act to protect farm workers. • Cesar Chavez decrease in 1993 later after his death his family and friends created the Cesar Chavez foundation.

48. Organizations • Others organizations such as the Public Health in workplace Committee Occupational Safety & Health (COSH) and • Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers Union are form

49. The impact of the movement on today’s issues. • There is still more environmental injustice a in today society and the movements such as the UFW led by Chavez, the COSH and other creates awareness. • Committee Occupational Safety & Health (COSH) has a webpage that educate the people of better working condition in their jobs.

50. First National People of Color Environmental Leadership SummitWashington DCOctober 24-27, 1991