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Types of Rock

By Paige Black Emily.black@smail.astate.edu. Types of Rock. A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter. Rocks are classified by how they are formed, their composition, and texture. Rocks change over time through

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Types of Rock

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  1. By Paige Black Emily.black@smail.astate.edu Types of Rock

  2. A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter. • Rocks are classified by how they are formed, their composition, and texture. • Rocks change over time through the rock cycle. WHAT are rocks?

  3. Igneous Rocks • Examples: granite, basalt, pumice, flint • Sedimentary Rocks • Examples: limestone, chalk, sandstone • Metamorphic Rocks • Examples: slate, marble, quartzite 3 types of rocks

  4. These are rocks that solidified directly from magma. • Magma can form: • When rock is heated • When pressure is released • When rock changes composition • Magma freezes between 700˚C and 1,250˚C. • Magma is a mixture of many minerals. Igneous rocks

  5. Types of Composition: • Felsic- light colored rocks that are rich in elements such as aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium • Mafic- dark colored rocks that are rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium, poor in silicon • Coarse-grained- takes longer to cool, giving mineral crystals more time to grow • Fine-grained- cools quickly with little to no crystals Igneous rocks

  6. Types of Formation: • Intrusive- magma pushes into surrounding rock below the Earth’s surface • Extrusive- magma erupts onto the Earth’s surface (lava), cools quickly with very small or no crystals formed Igneous rocks

  7. The rocks are formed when igneous rocks are eroded as a sediment under the sea. • Sediments are moved from one place to another. • Sediments are deposited in layers, with the older ones on the bottom. • The layers become compacted and cemented together. Sedimentary rocks

  8. ThreeTypes: • Clastic- made of fragments of rock cemented together with calcite or quartz • Example: Sandstone • Chemical- minerals crystallize out of solution to become rock • Example: Halite (Rock Salt) • Organic- any accumulation of sedimentary debris caused by organic processes • Example: Coal Sedimentary rocks

  9. Means “change in form” • Changes with temperature and pressure, but remains solid • Usually takes place deep in the Earth • Make up a lot of the Earth’s crust Metamorphic rocks

  10. Two Types: • Contact- when magma is injected into the surrounding rock solid. Increased temperature changes the composition of the rock, minerals are changed into new minerals. • Regional- changes in great masses of rock over a wide area. Large pieces of the Earth’s crust collide and the rock is deformed and chemically changed by heat and pressure. Metamorphic rocks

  11. Two Types of Texture: • Foliated- contain aligned grains of flat minerals • Example: Slate • Non-foliated- mineral grains are not arranged in bands or plains • Example: Marble Metamorphic rocks

  12. Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic 3 Types of Rocks

  13. http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/AskGeoMan/geoQuerry13.htmlhttp://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/AskGeoMan/geoQuerry13.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock • Google Images for Pictures resources

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