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Ancient Egypt & Kush (Nubia)

Ancient Egypt & Kush (Nubia). Archaic Period. Menes (Narmer) united upper and lower Egypt Egypt’s first Pharaoh “Great House” started Egypt’s first Dynasty. The Old Kingdom. 2686 – 2181 BC. Pyramid Builders. Pyramids tombs; Old Kingdom Engineering

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Ancient Egypt & Kush (Nubia)

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  1. Ancient Egypt & Kush (Nubia)

  2. Archaic Period • Menes (Narmer) • united upper and lower Egypt • Egypt’s first Pharaoh • “Great House” • started Egypt’s first Dynasty

  3. The Old Kingdom 2686 – 2181 BC

  4. Pyramid Builders • Pyramids • tombs; Old Kingdom • Engineering • the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes … uh … what? • ex. using a 43.5° angle for the pyramids to avoid collapse

  5. Pyramid Builders • Imhotep • master architect • Djoser • Step Pyramid • Snefru • Red Pyramid (true pyramid) • Khufu (Cheops) • Great Pyramid of Giza

  6. Mummification • Afterlife • life after death; focus of Egyptian Religion • Mummies • help the “ka” find it’s body • Ka • life spirit

  7. Mummification • Sarcophagus • bone box; decorated coffin • Canopic Jars • held internal organs of mummy

  8. Gods and Goddesses • Re (Rah or Amen-Re) • sun god • Anubis • god of the dead and mummification; jackal headed

  9. Gods and Goddesses • Osiris • god of the underworld • Isis • goddess of magic • Horus • sky god; god of the pharaohs

  10. The Middle Kingdom 1991 – 1786 BC

  11. Middle Kingdom • “Renaissance” • “rebirth” of Egypt • classical period of art and literature • Egypt conquers Kush and gains wealth

  12. Middle Kingdom • Hyksos • invaders from Southwest Asia • chariots and high-powered bows • Ahmose • defeated theHyksos • started the New Kingdom

  13. The New Kingdom 1567 – 1085 BC

  14. New Kingdom • Queen Hatshepsut • mother of Thutmose III • ran things; expaned trade • wore a beard !!! Thutmose III (Tutmosis) • killed his mom ??? • great conqueror

  15. New Kingdom • Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV) • monotheism; worshipped Aton “the sun disc” • Tutankhamen (Tutankhaton) • restored old religion • buried in the Valley of the Kings • tomb found in 1922 by Howard Carter

  16. New Kingdom • Ramses the Great • ruled for 67 years, 100 children • great builder of temples • defeated the Sea People

  17. Egyptian Life and Culture • Agriculture • 80% of Egyptianswere poor farmers

  18. Writing • Hieroglyphics • Egyptian writing system, one of the world’s first, used symbols

  19. Writing • Papyrus • long-lasting, paper-like substance made from reeds • Rosetta Stone • a stone slab discovered in 1799 that was inscribed with hieroglyphics and their Greek meanings; best archaeological source for translation of glyphs

  20. Architecture • Pyramids • Old Kingdom tombs • Egypt’s most recognized symbol

  21. Architecture • Temples • Dedicated to gods and pharaohs

  22. Architecture • Sphinx • head of a person and the body of a lion • largest single-stone statue ever • Obelisk • a tall, four-sided pillar that is pointed on top • like the Washington monument

  23. Art • Tomb Paintings • Murals

  24. Art • Carvings • “reliefs”

  25. Art • Jewelry & Decorations

  26. Nubian / Kushite Period • Nubians (Kushites) • Nubia conquered Egypt, then Egypt conquered Nubia • known for their gold and jewelry • Trade Network • system of people in different lands who trade goods back and forth • Exports • goods sent for sale in other countries or regions • Imports • goods brought in from other countries or regions

  27. Greek (Ptolemaic) Period • Alexander the Great • conquered Egypt and becomes pharaoh; built the Lighthouse at Pharos and the Library of Alexandria • Ptolemy • one of Alexander’s generals, he was put in charge of Egypt as Alexander moved on to other conquests

  28. Roman Conquest • Cleopatra • Greek; descended from Ptolemy • committed suicide rather than be taken prisoner by Roman general Octavian (later known as Augustus Caesar) • she was Egypt’s last pharaoh and Egypt became Roman province

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