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Weather & Climate

CGC1D-Physical Connections. Weather & Climate. Weather vs. Climate. Weather Generally defined as the condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time Usually 1 day. Climate Condition of the atmosphere considered over a long period of time. Factors Affecting Weather & Climate.

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Weather & Climate

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  1. CGC1D-Physical Connections Weather & Climate

  2. Weather vs. Climate Weather • Generally defined as the condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time • Usually 1 day Climate • Condition of the atmosphere considered over a long period of time

  3. Factors Affecting Weather & Climate 6 major factors that affect weather and climate. They can be on two different scales: Global Local

  4. The 6 Factors • Latitude • Ocean currents • Winds and air masses • Elevation (altitude) • Relief (presence of physical features) • Nearness to large bodies of water

  5. Defining the 6 Factors • Class will be divided into 6 groups • Each group will be assigned 1 weather/climate factor • Task: • create an overhead presentation on how your group’s factors affects weather/climate • Things to include: • Is your factor global or local (both)? • Where in Canada does this factor play a role? (particular landform region? Province? Etc.) • Are there different effects in different seasons? • Draw a diagram to help explain the concept • Textbook pp. 145-153 • Timeline: 25 minutes

  6. Latitude • As latitude increases (north and south of the equator) the temperature decreases • Has to do with solar radiation and the angle of incidence • angle the suns rays hit the surface of the earth

  7. Elevation (Altitude) • The higher the elevation, the cooler the temperature • Air expands as it rises from the earth’s surface. • The air expands because the pressure on the outside of the air mass is less than that of the rising air mass. • As the air expands there is more space for molecules to move around in so their energy is transferred, resulting in cooling of the air mass. • Air cools at approximately 1degC/100m

  8. Ocean Currents • If ocean currents are warm, they will keep both winter and summer conditions on the land warmer than expected (i.e. the Gulf Stream). • Cold currents such as the Labrador Current have the opposite effect.

  9. Winds and Air Masses • Winds can move cool air to moderate a hot area, or moist air to bring rain to a dry area. • Basic principle – they move dense, heavy air from high pressure areas towards areas of low pressure where the air is less dense, lighter and rising. • Air masses take on the characteristics of the surface they are sitting over (i.e. an air mass over and ocean in the tropics will be warm and moist)

  10. Relief • Physical features have a considerable influence on weather and climate • Mountains can act as a barrier where the windward side would get a lot of rain and the leeward side would receive little rain • Flat plains enable cold air, dry air from the north to reach far into North America

  11. Bodies of Water • Oceans and Great Lakes • Act in the opposite was of air masses • Water heats and cools much slower than land • Lakes tend to be cool when the land is warm and vise versa • Moderating effect

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