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MUTATIONS REVIEW GAME

MUTATIONS REVIEW GAME. if the DNA codons are CAT CAT CAT , and a guanine base is added at the beginning, then what type of mustation would result?. Explain what a gene/point mutation is.

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MUTATIONS REVIEW GAME

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  1. MUTATIONS REVIEW GAME

  2. if the DNA codons are CAT CATCAT, and a guanine base is added at the beginning, then what type of mustationwould result?

  3. Explain what a gene/point mutationis

  4. 3. Mutations can be:    (a) random.     (b) beneficial.     (c) lethal.     (d) heritable.     (e) all of the above.

  5. A frameshift mutation could result from:     (a) a base insertion only.     (b) a base deletion only.     (c) a base substitution only.     (d) deletion of three consecutive bases.     (e) either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

  6. Which point mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?    (a) a base substitution     (b) a base deletion near the start of the coding sequence     (c) a base deletion near the end of the coding sequence

  7. Which of these statements could be a common misconception regarding point mutations?    (a) They involve changes in one base pair.     (b) They can cause drastic changes in polypeptide structure.     (c) They always produce a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein.

  8. Sickle cell anemia is probably the result of which kind of mutation?    (a) point mutation only     (b) frameshift mutation only     (c) nondisjunction only     (d) b and c, but not a

  9. Using the genetic code table, identify a possible sequence of nucleotides in the DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phenylalanine-Proline-Lysine.     (1) AAA-GGG-UUU     (2) TTC-CCC-AAG     (3) TTT-CCA-AAA     (4) AAG-GGC-TTC     (5) UUU-CCC-AAA

  10. Which of the following mutations would still allow protein X to be functional? • a. a missense mutation in the third codon of gene x • b. a silent mutation in the third codon of gene x • c. a nonsense mutation in the third codon of gene x • d. a frameshift mutation in the third codon of gene x

  11. Gene mutations can be caused by: • Viruses • Radiation • Chemicals • All of the above

  12. If the DNA strand reads ACTGCA, and is now read as ACGGCA, what type of mutation has occurred in this strand?

  13. If a frameshift mutation causes a stop codon to be inserted into the DNA sequence • a. the resulting protein will not be affected • b. the phenotype will change but not the genotype • c. the resulting protein will be too short and non-functional • d. the resulting protein will be too long and non-functional

  14. A nucleotide deletion in DNA replication • a. causes one amino acid of the protein to be incorrect • b. causes all of the amino acids of the protein to be incorrect • c. causes the amino acids inserted after the deletion to be incorrect • d. causes the amino acids inserted before the deletion to be incorrect • e. has no effect on the resulting protein

  15. Which of the following would be the complementary strand to this section of DNA - ATTCATACG, if a single substitution mutation occurs? • a. UAAGUAUGC • b. TATGAATGC • c. TAAGTATGG

  16. What type of mutation occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of the chromosome is removed and the chromosome pieces remaining re-join? • a.Inversion • b. Deletion • c. Translocation

  17. What type of mutation occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of the chromosome rotates and all the chromosome pieces re-join? • a. Inversion • b. Duplication • c. Translocation

  18. What is William’s Syndrome? • a. a disease that all people named William have • b. a genetic disorder characterized by heart problems and learning disabilities • c. a virus found only in South America • d. a traumatic injury caused by a hard hit to the head resulting in loss of memory

  19. What is another name for Down’s Syndrome? • a. haemophilia • b. Trisomy 21 • c. Klinefelters • d. Trisomy 23

  20. Marfan’s Syndrome affects which of the following? • a. The body’s connective tissue, such as skeleton, eyes…etc. • b. the heart, which produces extra LDL cholesterol and clogs the normal blood circulation • c. the red blood cells, which weakens them greatly and makes them an easy target for viruses and bacteria • d. The active site of certain enzymes that helps the body digest the BIG 4 Macromolecules

  21. Why is XYY not considered to be an actual syndrome? • a. Not enough people are affected by it • b. the characteristics are subtle and not dangerous • c. there is not enough data to say that this is a syndrome • d. because it is easily treatable

  22. Which of the following is false concerning Turners syndrome? • a. females with Turners can benefit from hormone therapy • b. females with Turners will benefit from regularly visiting a cardiologist • c. the symptoms of Turners syndrome cannot be treated • d. females with Turners are not able to have children due to underdeveloped ovaries

  23. Which race has the highest risk of having Cystic Fibrosis? • a. Caucasian • b. Hispanic • c. African –American • d. Asian

  24. What is Cystic Fibrosis? • a. an injury that occurs in the mitochondria • b. sets of fibers in muscles • c. a genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with mucus • d. occurs when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing

  25. Hemophilia is an x-linked recessive disorder; a son can get Hemophilia if he inherits…… • a. two normal XY chromosomes; Hemophilia normally arises spontaneously. • b. the recessive gene for blood clotting factor from his mother • c. the recessive gene for blood clotting factor from his father • d. the recessive gene for blood clotting from both his mother and father

  26. What is progeria? • a. a disease that affects chromosome 14, and creates odd cat like vocalizations • b. a type of protein made inside of cells that is responsible for pigment formation • c. an enzyme that breaks down the sugar progase • d. a very rare genetic disorder that causes premature aging

  27. What does the term “Mosaic Down Syndrome” mean? • a. two distinct cell groupings, in which some cells have 46 chromosomes, and some cells have 47 chromosomes • b. when the 23rd chromosome pairs with the 12th chromosome • c. when the 21st chromosome splits into two cells • d. chromosome 17 is missing a pair

  28. What is Cystic Fibrosis? • a. an injury that occurs in the mitochondria • b. sets of fibers in muscles • c. a genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with mucus • d. occurs when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing

  29. Which race has the highest risk of having Cystic Fibrosis? • a. Caucasian • b. Hispanic • c. African –American • d. Asian

  30. Which of the following is false concerning Turners syndrome? • a. females with Turners can benefit from hormone therapy • b. females with Turners will benefit from regularly visiting a cardiologist • c. the symptoms of Turners syndrome cannot be treated • d. females with Turners are not able to have children due to underdeveloped ovaries

  31. Marfan’s Syndrome affects which of the following? • a. The body’s connective tissue, such as skeleton, eyes…etc. • b. the heart, which produces extra LDL cholesterol and clogs the normal blood circulation • c. the red blood cells, which weakens them greatly and makes them an easy target for viruses and bacteria • d. The active site of certain enzymes that helps the body digest the BIG 4 Macromolecules

  32. What is William’s Syndrome? • a. a disease that all people named William have • b. a genetic disorder characterized by heart problems and learning disabilities • c. a virus found only in South America • d. a traumatic injury caused by a hard hit to the head resulting in loss of memory

  33. Which of the following types of Albinism is the most common? • a. oculocutaneous b. x-linked c. hermansky-pudlak d. chediak-higashi

  34. What causes the symptoms of Albinism? • a. the lack of sunlight and uv rays • b. a defect in one of several genes that produce or distribute melanin • c. too much exposure to uv light from the sun • d. all of the above

  35. A person with achondroplasia will have a mutation of the FGFR3 gene, what does this gene code for? • a. growth maintenance • b. hormone production • c. cell repair • d. digestion

  36. If obesity is a possible symptom of achondroplasia, which of the following could be a direct or indirect result of that? • a. breathing problems • b. nonstop bleeding • c. swelling of the eyeballs • d. abnormally small esophagus

  37. What causes Klinefelter’s syndrome? • a. an extra X chromosome in the cells of a male • b. an extra Y chromosome in the cells of a male • c. an extra X chromosome in the cells of a female • d. the lack of one X chromosome in the cells of a female

  38. . Why is XYY not considered to be an actual syndrome? • a. Not enough people are affected by it • b. the characteristics are subtle and not dangerous • c. there is not enough data to say that this is a syndrome • d. because it is easily treatable

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