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Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). SPE 516 LA 2b Stephen Atwood, Amy Hitchcock, Niccole Hunter and Elizabeth Watt . Part of the visual system affected. Retina – abnormal blood vessels can form and can leak causing scaring or leak causing detachment of the retina. Stages:

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Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

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  1. Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) SPE 516 LA 2b Stephen Atwood, Amy Hitchcock, Niccole Hunter and Elizabeth Watt

  2. Part of the visual system affected • Retina – abnormal blood vessels can form and can leak causing scaring or leak causing detachment of the retina. • Stages: • Stage 1 - There is mildly abnormal blood vessel growth • Stage 2 - Blood vessel growth is moderately abnormal. • Stage 3 - Blood vessel growth is severely abnormal. • Stage 4 - Blood vessel growth is severely abnormal and there is a partially detached retina. • Stage 5 - Total retinal detachment. • Note: Stages 1 and 2 do not result in blindness; however they can progress to the more severe stages.

  3. What is ROP? • ROP is common in children weighing one to three pounds and / or born before 30 weeks gestation. This can cause the blood vessels to not be properly formed and are not ready to supply blood to the retina. The blood vessels may also leak causing scaring or, in severe cases, detachment of the retina. • ROP is a congenital and progressive condition.

  4. Affects of the condition of the visual system. • Possible affects of ROP on the patients vision include: • Abnormal eye movements • Strabismus (Crossed eyes or turning out) • Severe nearsightedness (myopia) • White looking pupils (leukleukocoria) • Blindness

  5. Treatments, Medications, Surgeries and Experimental Treatments • Treatments: • Peripheral retinal ablation – laser which creates scars that seal the borders of the retina helping prevent detachment. • Cryotherapy (freezing) – treatment reduces but does not eliminate the progression of ROP progressing to blindness. • (Experimental) Doctors are experimenting with oxygen levels to prevent progression of ROP. (Hyperbaric chambers) • Surgeries: • Scleral Buckle – involves attaching a silicone band around the eyeball to reduce the pulling on the retina. • Vitrectomy – involves making several small incisions to remove the vitreous. The vitreous is replaced with a saline solution to maintain shape and pressure of the eye. • Medications (experimental): • Bevacizumab was effective and well tolerated in some cases of ROP (mostly stage 3).

  6. Functional Implications • School: • Visual stimulation techniques • Proper toy selection • Proper contrast • Alternate learning methods • Parental narration • Control of light and glare • Specialist may be hired to accommodate low vision • Educational needs must be accessed • Technology – CCTV • Braille • Cane skills

  7. Functional Implications • Adults (Job environment): • CCTV • Bifocals • Magnifiers • Electronic scanners / reading technologies • Contact lenses • Braille • Cane skills (provided by an Orientation and Mobility Specialist)

  8. Case Study • Premature infant weighing 1 pound and 14 ounces • Has stage 2 ROP • Vision 20/200 uncorrected, vision 20/40 corrected • Need accommodations in elementary school

  9. Works Cited • Moss, K. Retinopathy of Prematurity (2003). Retrieved July 12, 2011 from TSBVI. • Edu. http://www.tsbvi.edu/seehear/winter98/rop.htm • Parents’ guide to their premature babies eyes (n.d.) Retrieved July 12. 2011 • from Cyber-Sight ORBIS/Telemedicine. http://telemedicine.orbis.org/bins/content_page.asp?cid=1-1809-1874 • Pediatric diagnosis visual fact sheet: Retinopathy of prematurity (n.d.) • Retrieved July 12, 2011 from Blindbabies.org. http://66.147.244.207/~blindbab/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Fact-Sheet-Retinopathy-of-Prematurity-REVISED-FINAL.pdf • Retinopathy of prematurity – fact sheet (n.d.) Retrieved July 12, 2011 from • Idaho Project For Children and Youth with Deafblindess. • http://www.idahocdhd.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=eTfL4P1z%2Bco%3D&tabid=288&mid=876 • Retinopathy of prematurity (n.d.) Retrieved July 12, 2011 from Lucile Packard • Children’s Hospital at Stanford. http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/hrnewborn/rpm.html • Windsor, R., Windsor, L. (n.d.) Understanding retinopathy of prematurity. • Retrieved July 15, 2011 from Low Vision.Org. http://www.lowvision.org/retinopathy_of_prematurityxx.htm

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