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Natural Service

Natural Service. Pasture mating Male is allowed to roam freely with the females Hand mating Female is brought to the male for service. Artificial Insemination (AI). Semen from a male animal is manually inserted into a female animal. Embryo Transfer (ET).

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Natural Service

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  1. Natural Service • Pasture mating • Male is allowed to roam freely with the females • Hand mating • Female is brought to the male for service

  2. Artificial Insemination (AI) Semen from a male animal is manually inserted into a female animal

  3. Embryo Transfer (ET) • Breeding technique where embryos from one female are collected and transferred into the reproductive tract of the other females • Superovulation • Production of multiple eggs during a single ovulation and is induced with the FSH and prostaglandin

  4. Embryo Flushing and Recovery Procedure

  5. The Livestock Industry • Nearly three-fourths of all calves born in U.S. dairy herds are conceived through AI or ET • Only 5% of beef calves are produced through AI or ET • Most AI is done in-house with fresh semen for the swine industry • Until recently AI was not a viable option for sheep producers. Now a new spiral catheter is used to inseminate • Over 90% of commercial turkeys are produced using AI

  6. Semen Quality • Cryopreservation • technique for freezing semen • Motility • sperm’s ability to move independently • Morphology • size and shape of the sperm

  7. Cow Estrous Cycle

  8. Sow Estrous Cycle

  9. Expected Progeny Difference (EPD) • Producers who understand EPDs will be able to choose genetically superior animals, which will help predict the offspring’s desired qualities • Used to compare individual animals to other individuals of the same breed, as well as to the breed average

  10. Pregnancy Testing Methods • Rectal Palpation • gloved hand is inserted into the rectum to palpate the uterus through the rectum wall • Rectal Doppler Technique • probe that is inserted into the rectum and measures the heartbeat of the fetus or fetuses

  11. Fetal Sizesby age in days

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