1 / 18

Outline

Outline. The Science of the Mind Introspectionism Behaviorism Cognitive Psychology Models of the Mind Black box Jukebox The mind box Sternberg task. Introspectionism. Method: ask your subjects Strength: First-Person Privileged Access Shortcomings:

eron
Download Presentation

Outline

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Outline • The Science of the Mind • Introspectionism • Behaviorism • Cognitive Psychology • Models of the Mind • Black box • Jukebox • The mind box • Sternberg task

  2. Introspectionism • Method: • ask your subjects • Strength: • First-Person Privileged Access • Shortcomings: • It provides access to productsof thinking, rather than the processes that underlie it. • It relies on conscious report: Many interesting mental events are unconscious (e.g. memory retrieval, or visual processes that lead to perceptual illusions). Edward Titchener (1867-1927)

  3. Response Stimulus Behaviorism • Method: • Study stimulus-response relations

  4. Example of Behaviorism: Classical Conditioning • 1. sight of food  salivation • 2. bell & food together  salivation • 3. bell alone  salivation • STIMULUS  RESPONSE Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

  5. Behaviorism • Emphasis on what can be directly observed. • Stimuli  Responses • Reinforcements / Rewards • Ignore the mind (unobservable).

  6. Behaviorism Strengths: • rigorous scientific observation • controlled laboratory settings • Applicable to certain areas (e.g., learning: pairing of stimuli and responses)

  7. Behaviorism Shortcomings: • Limiting science to observable things is a bad idea. Theories are about unobservables • Can’t account for much of human behavior.

  8. Behaviorism Cannot explain: • Language • Attention • Spatial learning & Cognitive Maps

  9. Behaviorism Cannot explain: • Language (Chomsky, 1959) • Novel words, over-generalizations, no feedback • ‘mano’ (hand) -> ‘nano’ (meaningless) • ‘no mas’ (no more) -> ‘ma no’ • Vs. Associative Learning (Baldwin, 1992) • Referential looking Noam Chomsky

  10. Behaviorism Cannot explain: • Attention • Change blindness • Two different stimulus -> same perception • Same stimulus -> different perception

  11. Behaviorism Cannot explain: • Spatial learning & Cognitive Maps Edward C. Tolman (1886-1959)

  12. What do Tolman’s Maps look like? learning can occur without reinforcement:Such ‘latent learning’ goes against standard behavioristic principles, which claim that learning comes only from outcomes

  13. X Rats learn to follow this path … later they can deduce the shorter path. X this ability cannot be explained only by links between stimuli and responses. A better explanation is to pose the existence of an internal spatial map

  14. Cognitive Maps in Bees, von Frisch 1967 • behavior of bees returning to hive after locating nectar • Can use a symbolic form of communication • Different patterns of dances represent different meanings • Round dance: source less than 100 yards from hive • Figure 8 dance: greater distances

  15. Response Stimulus Behaviorism Study stimulus-response relations, but do NOT attempt to understand unobservable mental processes

  16. Response Stimulus Response Stimulus Behaviorism Study stimulus-response relations, but do NOT attempt to understand unobservable mental processes Cognitive Psychology Study stimulus-response relations to infer the underlying mental processes. The contents of the mind CAN be studied scientifically

  17. How to investigate Perception & Cognition • Ask your subjects (Introspectionism) • Look at S-R patterns (Behaviorism) • Infer mental processes (Cognitive Psychology) • from S-R patterns (Reaction Time, Accuracy) • from neural patterns (cognitive neuroscience)

  18. Next …. How cognitive psychologists make inferences about what’s inside the black box...

More Related