高考英语阅读思路分析与解题方法第一讲主讲：北大附中杨小洋老师

高考英语阅读思路 分析与解题方法第一讲主讲：北大附中杨小洋老师

1.Guessing Unknown Words / Vocabulary （猜词） 1) Definition He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. A.strong B. firm C. kind D. clever

2) Experience Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A.to work to live B. to eat to live C. to teach to live D. to pay to use

3) Related Information The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A.work B. study C. name D. interest

4) Contrast Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A.town B. capital C. country D. house

5) Examples A) You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. A.dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers B) (2001 A) …… The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices – deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite. … The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____. A.cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers

(1) A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The word “audience” in the paragraph means ____. A.students B. people who watch a play C. people who act on the stage D. people who listen to something

(2) Sixty-year-old grandmother, Fiona MaFee, is going to stop working next year and she decided to realize a childhood dream and sail around the coast of Scotland in a small boat. Although the inside of the boat is very cosy, it has no running water or electricity. Fiona says she can live without these things but she plans to take her small CD player, her hot water bottle and a bag of books to make sure life isn’t too uncomfortable. The underlined word cosy in the paragraph means ____. A. bright B. dirty C. comfortable D. dark

(3) (1996) Bicycle tour(旅游) and race A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27 (Sat. & Sun.). At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tian’anmen Square and ride the first 35 Kilometres as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive(竟争性的) part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli.

The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometres. Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and super. Sunday morning is free for play at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing. Cost: 200 yuan Telephone: 4675027 The underlined word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means ________. A. Race B. practice C. part of the training D. part of the tour

(4) (1997) The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. “Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!” said a teacher from Guangdong province. The underlined phrase ‘figure out’ in the text means ____. A. work out B. add up C. guess D. study

(5) 1999 (A) Tom Brennan was working in a Philadelphia office building when he noticed a black bag. The bag contained a book. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure --- a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Dehorah Logan, “a woman who knew everybody in her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine American Libraries.

Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia. It also includes a description of British solders burning Washington, D. C. in the war of 1812. She describes President James Madison on horseback as “perfectly shaking with fear” during the troubled days. George Washington, she writes, mistook her for the wife of a French man, and praised her excellent English. The adventure of the lost book began September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor (祖先) to the Library Company, which he and his wife considered to be the best home for the diary.

Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession “about five minutes “ when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person. On returning to his hotel after showing the precious book to Green, Luxmoore was shocked to realize that he had left it in the taxi. Without any delay, Green began calling every taxi company in the city, with no luck. “I’ve felt sick since then,” Luxmoore told reporters.

According to Green, no one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building. Tom Brennan received a reward of $1,000. Philadelphia gained another treasure for its history, and Luxmoore told reporters, “It’s wonderful news. I’m on high.” What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “I’m on high.” ? A.I’m rich B. I’m famous C. I’m excited D. I’m lucky

(6) (2002 E) Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials (advertisements) for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. “as long as it works,” he said in 1991, “ I’ll continue to do those commercials.”

Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. “He still won’t let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes,” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted (收养) as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Dalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5. Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said, “and if I got out of line, he’d beat me.”

Moving out on his own at 15. Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind. “I thought if I owned a restaurant,” he said, “ I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Samders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in1968. In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,ooo restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales.

Although troubled by his own experience with adoption. Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation (基金会) for Adoption in 1992. In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to succeed.

“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” 74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _____. A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary C. Dave was showy D. Dave was shy

(7) (2000 C) Decision-making is not unlike poker – it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process (过程) is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.

The great mathematician John won Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes: there are what he called games of ‘perfect information’, games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks: they don’t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of ‘ imperfect information’, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.

One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politic, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors (因素) which would even puzzle(困惑）best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker. 61. Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”? A. Quite right. B. True enough. C. Most unlikely D. Just the opposite

(8) (1996) Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership(伙伴关系)which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites(寄生虫)on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.

The underlined word “ they” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ________. A.birds and parasites B. birds and sheep C. parasites and sheep D. sheep, birds and parasites

(9) (02 NMET D) Treasure hunts (寻宝) have excited people’s imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island. Kit Williams, a modern writer, had the idea of combining the real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues (线索) found in a book when he wrote a children’s story, masquerade, in 1979 The book was about a hare, and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “read herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.

Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic(逻辑), not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: “One of Six to Eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s wives.

Even here, however, Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in1773.

Even then his search had not come to an end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encourage him to continue, and on February 24th 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth 3000 in the beginning, but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable. 67. The underlined word “them” (para.1) refers to ___. A. red herrings B. Treasure hunts C. Henry VIII’s six wives D. readers of Masquerade

(10) (1997) America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways - education, medicine, and business. Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society - one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior (行为) is suitable (合适) at various ages. …… The underlined word ‘one ‘ refers to ___. A society B. America C. a place D. population

(11) (1999)Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate.” But not all experts agree that this is a good idea. One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate.”

David Tebbutt thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do, they find out. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People don’t have to learn computer terms (术语), but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming “people-literate.”

The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computertowns ___. A.help to set up more computer clubs B. bring people to learn to use computers C. bring more experts to work together D. help to sell computers to the public

(12) (2002 Beijing A) One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress in their work .

However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more program to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U.S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctor to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky a few years ago are now performed every day in U. S. Hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.

Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment.

The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery --- even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary --- because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more that 100,000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.

57. “To do this “ (in Paragraph 3) means ___. A.to help patients recover B.to increase the number of heart surgeries C.to get back the money spent on the equipment D.to buy new equipment for the treatment of heart disease

高考英语阅读思路 分析与解题方法 第一讲 主讲：北大附中杨小洋老师