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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Part 1. Course Goals. Application Skills (lab) Computer-ese (terms) How computers work (hardware) History of Computing (ch. 5). Early Computing. Vacuum Tubes Light Bulb Sized ENIAC Considered by some to be the world's first electronic digital computer

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Part 1

  2. Course Goals • Application Skills (lab) • Computer-ese (terms) • How computers work (hardware) • History of Computing (ch. 5)

  3. Early Computing • Vacuum Tubes • Light Bulb Sized • ENIAC • Considered by some to be the world's first electronic digital computer • Colossus, 1944, England • Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer • 1945-6 • ~20,000 vacuum tubes • The size of a room • Developed to compute artillery firing tables in WW2

  4. ENIAC

  5. Links • ENIAC • http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist/eniac-story.html • Vacuum Tubes / Transistors • http://www.lucent.com/minds/transistor/history.html

  6. Terms • Transistor – tiny electronic switch that can rapidly turn “on” and “off” • Integrated Circuit – an entire electrical circuit, including wires, formed on a single chip • Solid State – hardware in which electrons travel through a solid material (i.e. silicon)

  7. Terms • Semiconductor – any material whose electrical properties are intermediate in terms of conductivity • ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange (I won’t ask you that) – binary code used to store characters (8 bit code)

  8. Making Processors • Make a Circuit Diagram • Duplicate diagram many times • Print and etch sheet of diagrams onto slice of silicon (photolithography) • Repeat 3 for each layer in processor • Cut wafer into chips • Test and mount chips Great article on this: http://www.embedded.com /showArticle.jhtml?articleID=17501489

  9. Processors • Larger wafer radius produces more chips • 4” – 12 20 mm x 20mm chips • 6” – 24 chips • 8” – 57 chips • 12” - 148 • Microprocessor – The miniaturized circuitry of a computer processor (the part that processes information) – makes embedded systems possible

  10. Power Supply • Surge Protector – protects against spikes of high voltage (can burn out) • Voltage Regulator – protects against spikes of low power (not very common) • UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply – basically an emergency battery

  11. Comparison - 1998 • Intel P II 300 Mhz • 64 MB 100 MHz DRAM • 2D PCI 4MB Graphics • 4 GB ATA 5600 RPM HD • 15” .28dp Monitor (13.5” visible)

  12. Comparison - 2001 • Intel P III 733 Mhz • 128 MB 133 MHz SDRAM • 3D AGP 8MB Graphics • 40 GB Ultra ATA 7200 RPM HD • 17” .25dp Monitor (16” visible)

  13. Comparison - 2003 • Intel P IIII 1.8 GHz • 256 MB 266 MHz DDR RAM • 3D AGP 64MB DDR Graphics • 80 GB Ultra ATA 7200 RPM HD • 19” .22dp Monitor (17.5” visible)

  14. Comparison - 2005 • Intel Pentium 4 2.80GHz • 512MB 400 MHz DDR RAM • 3D PCI Express 128MB DDR Graphics • 120 GB Ultra ATA 7200 RPM HD • 17 in (16.0 in viewable) Flat Panel Display

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