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UNIT 9

UNIT 9. Indian Removal Cattle Drives Railroads. 1866 - U.S. sent soldiers to build forts & protect the settlers in TX. * Not effective Too spread out Not enough soldiers / supplies Untrained in Indian warfare.

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UNIT 9

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  1. UNIT 9 Indian Removal Cattle Drives Railroads

  2. 1866- U.S. sent soldiers to build forts & protect the settlers in TX. * Not effective • Too spread out • Not enough soldiers /supplies • Untrained in Indian warfare

  3. 1867- Treaty of Medicine Lodge:Native Americans would stop raiding & move to reservations in exchange for food & shelter. * Not Effective • Some tribes would not sign or go to reservations • Agents provided inadequate shelter & food • Some Native Americans left reservations to raid

  4. 1871 –1876 Frontier CampaignsArmy was sent out to destroy N. American camps & force them onto reservation. Several chiefs fought back. • Satanta– Kiowa killed himself in the Huntsville prison • Quanah Parker – Comanche w/white mother Cynthia Ann, surrender in 1875 at Ft. Sill • Victorio – Apache captured & killed by buffalo soldiers in Mex. 1880

  5. Reasons -the army defeated the Plains Indians • Invention -colt six shooter & other repeating guns evens the odds • Buffalo hunter destroyed their way of life • * 3.7 million were killed in 2yrs

  6. Cattle Drives- started after the Civil War (1865) • North needed beef • RR’s expanded into Central Plains • Est. 5 million wild longhorns in TX.

  7. Profitable • Free cattle sold for $5 in the south up to $40 in the North • Moved in the Spring to feed on grass • Needed only 10 -12 men to move 2,000

  8. Trail drives hard work • 18 hr. days (night hawking) • Most cowboys were young • 20% dropped out of the drive • Dangerous: • River crossings • Stampedes • Weather • Rustlers

  9. Section 1-4 1 out of 6 cowboys were: * Black * Mexican * Native American * Even women & children went on cattle drive African American cowhand

  10. Famous Trails & Ranches • Chisholm – named after Native American Jessie Chisholm • Sedalia – closed due to Texas fever • Great Western – ended in Ogallala, Neb. • Goodnight Loving – ended in Wyoming http://www.wchm-tx.org/Chisholm_trail.htm

  11. Reasons Why Trail Driving Ended • RR’s came to Texas • Price of cattle dropped • Disease closed some trails • Invention of barbwire- closed the trails

  12. Railroads – move people and goods quickly and cheaply 400 miles of track before the Civil War 10,000 miles by 1900 Land grants encourage RR’s to build Cities w/several RR’s became trade centers

  13. Unit 11 Westward Expansion • Campaign • Agent • Commissary • Renegade • Open Range • Vaquero • Stockyard • Drover • Wrangler • Quarantine

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