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Mastering Mirrors and Lenses: Concave and Convex Rules

Explore the fundamentals of reflection in curved mirrors focusing on concave and convex rules, with insights on image formation and ray tracing. Dive into lenses, understanding refraction, focal points, and common aberrations like spherical aberration.

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Mastering Mirrors and Lenses: Concave and Convex Rules

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  1. HW #4, Due Sep. 21 Ch. 2: P28, PH8, PH16 Ch. 3: P3, P5

  2. Lecture 9 (chapter 3 continued) • Quick Review: • Reflection from Curved Mirrors (Convex Mirrors) • The ray rules • This Lecture: • Ray rules for concave mirrors • Finding the image • Lenses

  3. Chapter 3Mirrors and Lenses Read 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 (A, B, C* , D), 3.4, 3.5** * Anamorphic Art ** Aberrations

  4. Flat mirror revisited virtual image Read Text about the Kaleidoscope

  5. Spherical Mirrors Where is the image? What is the field of view? Ray Tracing (simply apply the law of reflection)

  6. Reflection in Curved Mirrors Convex and Concave Mirrors

  7. F focal point axis O C center Paraxial Rays: Rays that are close to the axis

  8. Ray Rules for a Convex Mirror Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are reflected so that they appear to be coming form the the focal point, F. Ray Rule 2: All rays that (when extended) pass through center C are reflected back to themselves. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended) pass through F are reflected back parallel to the axis.

  9. 3 1 O C F O C F 2 O C F

  10. Locating the Image Mirrors *Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html *Concave Lens: virtual image *Convex Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration

  11. M. C. Escher, “Hand with Reflecting Globe” Fig 3.9

  12. Concave Mirror axis O C F center focal point

  13. Ray Rules for a Concave Mirror Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are reflected so that they appear to be coming form the the focal point, F. Ray Rule 2: All rays that (when extended) pass through center C are reflected back to themselves. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended) pass through F are reflected back parallel to the axis.

  14. *Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html

  15. Spherical Lenses

  16. Refraction at Curved Surfaces R I axis O C center n2 n1 Simply apply the laws of refraction

  17. I R axis O C center n2 n1

  18. Thin Spherical Lenses Converging Lens: focal length (f) is positive

  19. Thin Spherical Lenses Converging Lens: focal length (f) is negative

  20. Ray Rules for Converging (and Diverging) Lenses Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are deflected through F’ (or as if it came from F’) Ray Rule 2: All rays passing through the center of the lens Continue undeviated. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended, if necessary) pass through F are deflected parallel to the axis.

  21. Example: Ray Rules for a converging lens | | F F’ | | F F’ | | F F’ f f= focal length

  22. *Magnification (Magnifying Glass) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/microscopy/simplemagnification/index.html * Lens Action (Many Applets) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/lightandcolor/javalens.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/lenses/principleRays.html principle rays *Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm

  23. Fresnel Lenses

  24. Lens Aberrations Chromatic *Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration

  25. Spherical Aberration

  26. *Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberrationv

  27. Curvature, Coma

  28. Astigmatism

  29. Distortion

  30. *Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration

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