Chapter 20, Sections 2 and 3

1. Changes for Texas Chapter 20, Sections 2 and 3

2. Progressive Movement • As Texans moved to cities, they found new problems and became more aware of existing ones. • The attempts of reformers to solve those problems became known as the Progressive Movement.

3. Galveston Invents New City Government • Replaced mayor and city council with a 5 member commission • Made laws for the city • Each commissioner in charge of a different department • Spread to over 400 cities around the U.S.

4. Terrell Election Law • Secret ballots • Restricted campaigning near voting area • Required that major parties hold primary elections to select candidates

5. Votes for Women • Suffrage – the right to vote • Opponents said men would protect women’s rights (uh huh!) and that women would neglect their homes and children if they were involved in politics • Suffragists said they would vote for better schools, more playgrounds, safe parks, and improved public health

7. Let’s Make a Deal! • 1918 Texas women promised to support Governor William P. Hobby if he would sign a bill granting women the right to vote in primary elections. • He agreed and won the election in a landslide! William P. Hobby

8. 19th Amendment • Gave full voting rights for women all over the United States in 1920

9. Prohibition • Many groups believed that many of the problems in society could be solved if liquor was made illegal. • Texas Anti-Saloon League worked to outlaw drinking in Texas.

10. 18th Amendment • 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibited the sale, consumption, and possession of alcoholic beverages all over the U.S. • Prohibition lasted from 1920 to 1933 when it was repealed.

11. And now for the bad news - • African Americans actually lost rights during the first part of the 20th Century • All over the South, the Democratic Party passed laws discriminating against African Americans

12. Jim Crow Laws • Racial segregation of public facilities such as schools, restaurants, hotels, professional sports, water fountains, restrooms. • Poll taxes – required paying a fee in order to vote

13. Other Jim Crow Laws • Literacy Tests – required reading and explaining parts of the Constitution in order to vote • Grandfather clauses – exempted whites from having to take literacy tests

14. 1965 Alabama Literacy Test • If a person is indicted for a crime, name two rights which he has. • A U.S. senator elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on what date? • A President elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on what date?

16. Cultures Clash in South Texas • Midwestern immigrants developed farms to grow fruit, vegetables, cotton, and sugar cane. • Mexican immigrants came to Texas to escape the Mexican Revolution of 1910. • Fear and ignorance led to violence between these 2 groups. • Texas Rangers often added to the problems.

17. Mutualistas • Mexican and Tejano men and women formed mutual aid societies to help maintain Mexican culture and to provide help for low income families in the communities.

18. What can YOU do to ERASE HATE? Kleb - Texas - USA NO PLACE FOR HATE! It begins with YOU!

19. Assignment: Make a poster supporting or opposing one of these issues or groups: • Terrell Election Law • Prohibition (18th Amendment) • Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment) • Jim Crow Laws • Mutualistas • Must include: • Slogan • What the law or group did • Why you support or oppose it • Picture - neat and in color