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Objective You have the causes, what happens now?

Objective You have the causes, what happens now?. Describe the outbreak of WWI Explain the events of WWI REMEMBER: Who Why What How (Effect). Why is this called the Powder Keg of Europe?. The Balkan Peninsula.

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Objective You have the causes, what happens now?

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  1. ObjectiveYou have the causes, what happens now? • Describe the outbreak of WWI • Explain the events of WWI • REMEMBER: • Who • Why • What • How (Effect)

  2. Why is this called the Powder Keg of Europe? The Balkan Peninsula

  3. Who is involved in the “Tension”?What is the goal of each? Balkans: controlled by Austria-Hungary • Bosnian Serbs • want independence from Austria • Austria – Hungary • Wants to suppress independence • Serbia • wants to annex Bosnia • Russia • wants to control the Balkans • Supports Bosnian Serbs

  4. Explain the Spark that caused the war. What was the effect? • The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (of Austria-Hungary) • Archduke and wife were in Sarajevo (Bosnia) • shooter was a Bosnian Serb • Wanted freedom from Austria-Hungary • His death set the alliance system into motion • no one was able to stop it.

  5. Use this map to support the following statement:The assassination led to a global war.

  6. What is the Schlieffen Plan?Why would Germany do this? • Germany’s Plan: Schlieffen Plan • Avoid war with Russia AND France • Because they were allies • Hold Russia and invade France  then attack Russia • Germany declares war on France What is the effect? • To get to France • Invade Belgium who is neutral • Great Britain gets involved • to help Belgium • Britain declared war on Germany • Germany is now fighting on 2 fronts • By August 12th all World Powers are involved

  7. What happened at the 1st Battle of the Marne? • Schlieffen Plan: • circle through Belgium into France, sweep around Paris • Defeat France quickly and move onto Russia • 1st Battle of the Marne • German advance was halted • 2,000 Parisian taxicabs with troops were sent to the frontlines • Effect: • Germany – 2 front war ~ Fr. & Russia • WWI turns into a stalemate

  8. Objective • Describe the warfront, include technology advancements and the role of the government • Explain how propaganda, a stalemate & trench warfare lead to the escalation of war

  9. New Illusions Lead to World War • Propaganda • ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. • Stirred national hatred • cause became “just” • Illusion of a short war • Over in a few weeks • Soldiers would be home by Christmas

  10. Trench Warfare • “trench warfare” • fighting in ditches • from the English Channel to the Switzerland • No-man’s land: land b/w trenches • Caused Stalemate • Neither army willing to back down • Cannot escape from own trenches • “softening up” • Destroy trenches • State of shock • Force soldiers to leave the “safety” of the trenches to attack enemies • “war of attrition” • Wear down the other side with continuous attacks and heavy losses

  11. Objective • Describe the warfront, include technology advancements and the role of the government • Explain how propaganda, a stalemate & trench warfare lead to the escalation of war

  12. Entry of US • Unrestricted submarine warfare • Subs sink merchant ships w/o warning • Lusitania is attacked • USW is suspended so US won’t attack • Used again to break a deadlock • US enters the war: Join Allies which gave psychological boost, money, and war goods • Central Powers • Germany, Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria • Allied Powers • Russia, Great Britain, France • Italy, US

  13. Total War Mobilization of ALL resources and people Enlisted men all civilians Weapons were needed for war Everything else was secondary The Impact of Total War

  14. End of World War IThe Last Year of the WarThe Peace Settlement

  15. Objective • Explain how peace settlements brought political and territorial changes to Europe • Explain Wilson’s ideas for peace • Describe the Treaty of Versailles and the affect it has on history • Identify the legacies of WWI

  16. Bad news for the Allies were defeated on the Western Front Russia withdraws because of civil unrest Central Powers in a better position Good News: US enters which provides a psychological “boost” for the Allies Fresh troops and resources The Last Year of the War1917

  17. New German Offensive • Ludendorff’s military gamble • A large risk to break the military stalemate • Supplies running low • soldier reserves depleting • German home was exhausted • July: 2ndBattle of Marne • Germans were forced back • August: 2ndBattle of the Somme • More deaths on both sides. • Six months – Million men • Germans were out of supplies • On September 29th, Ludendorff admitted the Germans lost • Demanded the government ask for peace

  18. The Peace Settlement Treaty of Versailles “Nobody wins in a war, they lost, we didn’t win.”

  19. Wilson’s Proposal • 14 points • Basis for peace settlement • Have open discussions rather than secret • Alliance • Reduce amount of weapons per country (safety only) • Militarism • Ensuring Self-determination  right of people to have their own nation • Imperialism / Nationalism

  20. The Paris Peace Conference • The Big 3  US, France, and Britain • Left out Italy • Germany not invited • Russia could not attend – civil war • Fought over what they wanted accomplished • US – League of Nations • GB – Make Germany pay • France - Security (Germany weak)

  21. Treaty of Versailles • Treaty with Germany • War Guilt Clause Germany and Austria were responsible for starting war • Pay reparations for all damages Allied governments and citizens suffered • Military was reduced • to 100000 men • reduced navy • eliminated air force • Land taken • Alsace and Lorraine were given back to France • Rhine area - Demilitarized

  22. The Legacies of War • Map of Eastern Powers changed • Lost: • German and Russian empires lost land & A-H gone • Gained: New countries were formed • Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary • Serbia formed middle of new Yugoslavia

  23. The Legacies of War • Not every ethnic group has “nation” • Mixtures of peoples • impossible to draw strict ethnic lines • Compromises had to be made • Germans in Poland and Czech • Poles in Czech • Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in Yugoslavia • This would lead to many problems later

  24. The Legacies of War • WWI ruined the liberal (free) society • Governments became more powerful • freedom of speech and press limited • Strong central authority became a way of life • The hope that things would return to normal was soon dashed

  25. Exit Slip • Use the events discussed today to explain why WWI was not the “war to end all wars”. • Events • New German Offensive • Paris Peace Conference • Treaty of Versailles • Legacies of the war

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