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CHAPTER THREE The Organization and Structure of Banking and The Financial Services Industry

CHAPTER THREE The Organization and Structure of Banking and The Financial Services Industry.

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CHAPTER THREE The Organization and Structure of Banking and The Financial Services Industry

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  1. CHAPTER THREEThe Organization and Structure of Banking and The Financial Services Industry The goal of this chapter is to explore the different types of organizations used in the banking and financial services industry, to see how changing public mobility and changing demand for financial services, the rise of potent competition, and changing government rules have change the structure, size and the types of organizations in this industry.

  2. Assets Held by U.S. FDIC-insured Commercial Banks, 2001

  3. Number of U.S. FDIC-insured Commercial Banks

  4. Common Classifications of U.S. Banks 2001 9014 Banks

  5. Unit Banks Offer All Services From One Office

  6. Branch Banks Offer Full Range of Services from Several Locations

  7. Proponents Greater Operating Efficiency Availability and Convenience of Services Fewer Failures Opponents Drives Out Smaller Competitors Higher Service Fees Drains Scarce Resources from Local Community Branch Banking Proponents and Opponents

  8. Virtual Banks Operate Exclusively on the Internet

  9. Bank Holding Company (BHC) A Corporation Chartered for the Purpose of Holding the Stock of One or More Banks

  10. Finance Companies Mortgage Companies Data Processing Companies Insurance Underwriters Security Brokerage Firms Financial Advising Merchant Banking Trust Companies Credit Card Companies Leasing Companies Insurance Agencies Real Estate Services Savings and Loan Associations Security Underwriting Firms Nonbank Businesses of BHCs

  11. Reasons for the Growth of BHCs • Geographic Diversification • Product Line Diversification • Tax Sheltering • Double Leveraging • Source of Strength • A Way Around Regulatory Restrictions

  12. Full-Service Interstate Bank Banks Providing All of Their Services Across State Lines

  13. Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 • Allows BHCs to Acquire Banks Anywhere in the U.S. • Allows BHCs to Convert Banks to Branches – June 1997 • States Can ‘Opt Out’ and Not Allow BHCs to Convert to Branches • States Can ‘Opt In’ Early • Limits Deposits of One BHC to 10% Nationwide and 30% Within One State

  14. Proponents Efficient Use of Scarce Resources Lower Prices for Services Geographic Diversification Efficient Flow of Credit in the System Opponents Increased Bank Concentration Less Competition Higher Prices for Services Drain Resources from Community Proponents and Opponents of Interstate Banking

  15. Banking and Financial Firm Goals • Expense Preference Behavior • Managers Value Fringe Benefits Over Pursuit of Maximizing Return for Shareholders • Agency Theory • Explores Whether Mechanisms Exist to Compel Management to Act to Maximize the Return to Shareholders • Corporate Governance • Relationships Among Managers, the Board of Directors, the Stockholders and Other Stakeholders of a Corporation

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