WALT: W e A re L earning T o

1. Keywords WALT: We Are Learning To • In the lesson today, we will learn… • That there are a range of different ways of producing large scale electricity. • There are both good and bad factors about every type of Power Station. • That all energy sources can be divided into two main groups. Biomass Fossil fuel Geothermal Wind Nuclear Solar Coal Tidal Oil Renewable Gas Non-renewable WILF: What Im Looking For • By the end of the lesson, I would like you to be able to… • Name at least eight different types of power stations. • Talk about some of current issues with regards to energy production. • Understand the terms ‘renewable’ and ‘non-renewable’ with regards to energy sources. • Use your knowledge to talk about a current affair scenario.

2. Energy Resources

6. Energy Resources Energy Sources

7. Year 7 Electricity Topic Energy Resources coal, nuclear, wind, hydropower (falling water), oil, tidal, biomass, solar, gas, geothermal

9. Power stations in generally all work in a similar way. Most power stations in the UK use Coal, Oil or gas to make electricity. These are called fuels because they can be burnt. In this example we will look at using coal as the fuel. ................................ is taken out of the ground from coal mines and is brought to the powerstation in lorries or trains. The coal is loaded into the power station where it is crushed into a.............................. The powdered coal is then fed into a big fire called a ................................ The heat from burning the coal is used to boil water and turn it into steam. The ...................................... moves through pipes from the boiler to the turbines. These turbines are like big ............................. that can rotate in a circle. The steam causes the turbines to .................................... round very ..................................... The turbines are connected to a ...................................... which also spins. The generator makes electricity which is changed by the transformer and sent around the country along .............................. We use the ....................................... in our homes to work things like our kettles, Television and our mobile phone ............................... The problem with using coal to make electricity is that they produce along of pollution which can cause acid rain and .................................................

10. boiler fanswires electricity steam chargers coal spin powder quickly generator global warming

11. Coal is taken out of the ground from coal mines and is brought to the power station in lorries or trains. The coal is loaded into the power station where it is crushed into a powder. The powdered coal is then fed into a big fire called a boiler. The heat from burning the coal is used to boil water and turn it into steam. The steam moves through pipes from the boiler to the turbines. These turbines are like big fans that can rotate in a circle. The steam causes the turbines to spin round very quickly. The turbines are connected to a generator which also spins. The generator makes electricity which is changed by the transformer and sent around the country along wires. We use the electricity in our homes to work things like our kettles, Television and our mobile phone chargers. The problem with using coal to make electricity is that they produce along of pollution which can cause acid rain and global warming.

12. Year 7 Electricity Topic Hydroelectric Power Station

13. Animation of working of hydropower station

14. Year 7 Electricity Topic Hydroelectric (water) Power Station The water falls from a top lake through a tunnel in the dam to the river below. The water turns the blades on the turbine. Gravitational Potential Energy The turbine turns the generator. Kinetic Energy This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid. Electricial Energy

15. Layout of typical hydroelectric power station

16. Something is used to make the blades on a turbine turn around. This spins a generator. This is a spinning magnet. Steam Water Wind How a basic power station works E L E C T R I C I T Y

17. Advantages of Hydroelectricity • Once the dam is built, the energy is virtually free. • No waste or pollution produced. • Much more reliable than wind, solar or wave power. • Water can be stored above the dam ready to cope with peaks in demand. • Hydro-electric power stations can increase to full power very quickly, unlike other power stations. • Electricity can be generated constantly.

18. Disadvantages ofHydro-electricity • The dams are very expensive to build. • Building a large dam will flood a very large area upstream, causing problems for animals that used to live there. • Finding a suitable site can be difficult - the impact on residents and the environment may be unacceptable. • Water quality and quantity downstream can be affected, which can have an impact on plant life.

19. How WindPowerworks

20. Is it Renewable? • Hydro-electric power is renewable. The Sun provides the water by evaporation from the sea, and will keep on doing so.

21. Year 7 Electricity Topic Wind Farm ‘Power Station’ The wind blows and turns the blades on the windmill. The spinning blades turn the turbine blades. Kinetic Energy The turbine turns the generator. This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid. Electricial Energy

22. Year 7 Electricity Topic Off Shore Wind Farms Power Station

23. Year 7 Electricity Topic Wind Farms Power Station

24. Advantages of Wind power • 1.Renewable energy resource; • 2. No /little carbon emission or air pollution OR will not add to global warming OR little pollution; • 3. Source of energy is free OR low running costs; • 4. Brings employment/construction to some remote areas OR good for the local economy; • 5. Lots of energy available OR abundant source OR wind farm can generate large amounts of electricity; • 6. wind turbines can be more efficient than conventional power stations;

25. Disadvantages of Wind Power • The wind is not always predictable some days have no wind. • Some people feel that covering the landscape with these towers is unsightly. • Can kill birds - migrating flocks tend to like strong winds. Splat! • Can affect television reception if you live nearby. • Noisy. A wind generator makes a constant, low, "swooshing" noise day and 1. Unsightly/ugly OR can damage views/ blight landscapes / local people may find them an intrusion; • Can be noisy/ causes noise pollution; • Only work when the wind blows/ above certain wind speed OR no constant output of electricity OR not reliable; • Each generator can only generate a small amount of electricity OR many are needed to supply the amount of electricity required for a city; • Costly to construct /maintain; • can only be placed in certain areas OR require large areas.

26. Is Wind Power Renewable? • Wind power is renewable. • Winds will keep on blowing, it makes sense to use them.

27. Solar Power • Solar Cellsare called photovoltaic" or "photoelectric" cells) convert light directly into electricity. • In a sunny climate, you can get enough power to run a 100W light bulb from just one square meter of solar panel.

28. Year 7 Electricity Topic Solar Power Station Sunlight (heat) is collected. This boils water to make steam. The steam turns the turbine blades. Heat Energy The turbine turns the generator. Kinetic Energy This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid. Electricial Energy

29. Solar Water Heating • heat from the Sun is used to heat water in glass panels on your roof. • Solar heating is worthwhile in places like California and Australia, where you get lots of sunshine.

30. Year 7 Electricity Topic Solar Power Station

31. Year 7 Electricity Topic Solar Power Station

32. Advantages of solar power • Solar energy is free - it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pollution. • In sunny countries, solar power can be used where there is no easy way to get electricity to a remote place. • Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers

33. Disadvantages of Solar Power • Doesn't work at night. • Very expensive to build solar power stations.Solar cells cost a great deal compared to the amount of electricity they'll produce in their lifetime. • Can be unreliable unless you're in a very sunny climate.

34. Is Solar Power Renewable? • Solar power is renewable. • The Sun will keep on shining anyway, so it makes sense to use it.

35. Geothermal Power • Hot rocks underground heat water to produce steam. We drill holes down to the hot region, steam comes up, is purified and used to drive turbines, which drive electric generators. • There may be natural "groundwater" in the hot rocks anyway, or we may need to drill more holes and pump water down to them.

36. Year 7 Electricity Topic Geothermal Power Station Water is pumped down a hole. The heat of the earth boils the water to make steam. The steam comes up another pipe and turns the turbine blades. Heat Energy The turbine turns the generator. Kinetic Energy This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid. Electricial Energy

37. Year 7 Electricity Topic Geothermal Power Station

38. Year 7 Electricity Topic Geothermal Power Station

39. Year 7 Electricity Topic Geothermal Power Station

40. Advantages of Geothermal Power • Geothermal energy does not produce any pollution, and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. • The power stations do not take up much room, so there is not much impact on the environment. • No fuel is needed. • Once you've built a geothermal power station, the energy is almost free. It may need a little energy to run a pump, but this can be taken from the energy being generated.

41. Disadvantages of Geothermal Power • The big problem is that there are not many places where you can build a geothermal power station. You need hot rocks of a suitable type, at a depth where we can drill down to them. The type of rock above is also important, it must be of a type that we can easily drill through. • Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of steam", perhaps for decades. • Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of.

42. Is it Renewable? • Geothermal energy is renewable. • The energy keeps on coming, as long as we don't pump too much cold water down and cool the rocks too much.

43. Tidal Power • Tidal power works rather like a hydro-electric scheme, except that the dam is much bigger. • A huge dam (called a "barrage") is built across a river estuary. When the tide goes in and out, the water flows through tunnels in the dam. • The ebb and flow of the tides can be used to turn a turbine, or it can be used to push air through a pipe, which then turns a turbine. Large lock gates, like the ones used on canals, allow ships to pass. • Only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as possible tidal power stations.

44. Year 7 Electricity Topic Tidal Power Station The water flows under the barrier. The moving water turns a submerged water blade. The underwater blade is connected to a pole. Kinetic Energy The pole turns the generator. This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid. Electrical Energy

45. Year 7 Electricity Topic Tidal Power Station https://youtu.be/O_kAO6E2-08

46. Year 7 Electricity Topic Tidal Power Station

47. Advantages of Tidal Power • Once you've built it, tidal power is free. • It produces no greenhouse gases or other waste. • It needs no fuel. • It produces electricity reliably. • Not expensive to maintain. • Tides are totally predictable.

48. Disadvantages of Tidal Power • A barrage across an estuary is very expensive to build, and affects a very wide area - the environment is changed for many miles upstream and downstream. Many birds rely on the tide uncovering the mud flats so that they can feed. there are few suitable sites for tidal barrages. • Only provides power for around 10 hours each day, when the tide is actually moving in or out.

49. Is it Renewable? • Tidal energy is renewable. • The tides will continue to ebb and flow, and the energy is there for the taking.

50. Nuclear Power • Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world. • Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needs, and produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel, without the pollution that you'd get from burning fossil fuels.