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Effective Writing at the Graduate Level: Research Paper Organization. Student Development Services Writing Support Centre UCC 210 www.sds.uwo.ca/writing. Layers of Effective Writing. Layer 1: Appearance Grammar, Formatting, Etc. Layer 2: Writing Style Sentence Flow
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Effective Writing at the Graduate Level: Research Paper Organization • Student Development Services • Writing Support Centre • UCC 210 • www.sds.uwo.ca/writing
Layers of Effective Writing Layer 1: Appearance Grammar, Formatting, Etc. Layer 2: Writing Style Sentence Flow Layer 3: Organization Connecting the Ideas Layer 4: Content The Ideas
Layer 3: Organization • Present your ideas in a logical (not chronological) order • Essential at the macro (paper) and micro (paragraph) levels
Research Paper Structure • TAIMRD or IMRD: • (Title, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion) • Follow discipline-specific conventions
Introduction • Ease the reader into your study • Written as though you don’t know the results
Introduction • Introduce your field of study • Narrow focus using specific and important references • Statement of purpose (hypothesis, predictions etc.) General Specific
Include • Basic terminology of your field (e.g. chemical names, definitions, species names) • Key papers that led to your study • Brief mention of your study in your statement of purpose
Don’t Include • Exhaustive literature search • Details of your study
Methods • A complete account of all the steps in your study • Presented in logical order • Includes collecting and analyzing data • Easy to write
Include • All materials, quantities, brands of major equipment and study locations • Citations of novel techniques • Figures of complicated setups • Equations and statistics
Don’t Include • Finicky details • Results
Results • A summary of your findings • Presents details in the same order as the methods • Can be technical
Include • Summary of your findings (i.e. averages, trends) • Tables and Figures • References to tables and figures
Don’t Include • Raw data • The same information twice • Too many figures • Interpretation of your results
Discussion • Now that you know the results, interpret them • Sometimes combined with results into one section
Discussion • Address your hypothesis with reference to your results • Explain and put findings in context (references) • Comment on your finding’s significance and potential for future study Specific General
Include • Most papers from the introduction • References to tables and figures • Summary / Conclusion
Don’t Include • Detailed account of your results • Any new ideas not set up in the introduction
Headings • Use headings to offset major sections • E.g. Introduction, Methods, Results, References • Use subheadings to offset distinct topics within sections • E.g. Methods: Study site, Procedure, Statistics