Changing users and changing technology: the network rewrites the library

1. Changing users and changing technology: the network rewrites the library Lorcan Dempsey CSU Libraries Futures Summit meeting 6-8 June 2007 Santa Rosa, California

2. Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

3. Network user environment institutional operating environment

4. Part 1: The network user environment

6. Getting things done Workflow

7. They found that Google is responsible for referring 56% of the users of HighWire journals, and our own study shows that over 70% of researchers use it routinely to find scholarly content. Moreover, web search engine referrals also appear to account for the vast majority of accesses to institutional repositories. Van Orsdel L C and Born K Researchers use of academic libraries and their services. Swan A and Brown S

8. Brand is the new real estate

9. The rich get richer

10. ~18 months old No FaceBook, MySpace Library?

11. University of Minnesota http://www.lib.umn.edu/about/mellon/KM%20JStor%20Presentation.pps

12. Libraries will need to plan for and build services that fit new researcher work habits, with an emphasis on the flexibility and remixing of their content and services. …. … In this study we paid some attention to the new world of informal peer-to-peer communication within the research community. The findings are that researchers are adopting social network technologies very fast and so far they have done so on their own: the library has effectively been bypassed. Researchers use of academic libraries and their services. Swan A and Brown S

13. Usage of electronic resources Note: the information above appeared in the Perceptions report in both chart and table formats.

14. Starting an information search Only 2% of college students start their search at a library Web site. Respondents were asked to indicate, from a list of 16 electronic resources, which they typically use to begin an information search. Among total respondents, 84% of information searches begin with a search engine and 1% begin at a library Web site. College Students

15. Trustworthiness of library sources vs. search engines Over half (53%) of college students indicate a similar trust of search engines as with library resources.

16. Get in the flow Then: the user built their workflow around the library Now: the library must build its service around the user workflow

17. Compete for attention Then: resources were scarce and attention was abundant Now: attention is scarce and resources are abundant

18. Website > workflow Then: people consumed information resources Now: people construct digital identities online: gather, create, share

19. Chris Beckett http://www.scholinfo.com/presentations/2006/8/10/the-new-world-order-in-collection-development-the-commercial-perspective.html

21. Redundant "At one extreme the need for a library becomes superfluous - at its simplest this might be categorized as 'I've got Google, what do I need a library for?'" [p. 67] Necessary materials are loaded into the VLE, and it points to other resources out on the open web. Central The library mediates access to content within the VLE, providing value in selection, purposing to particular tasks, metasearch and so on. Course management:a reductive comparison “The relationship between VLEs and library systems reflects the changes in practice and internal politics wrought by the advent of e-learning perhaps more than any of the other systems. There is a sense in which the very identity of libraries and their function in the educational process is at stake.” [p. 67] Virtual learning environments : using, choosing and developing your VLE by Martin Weller

22. Susan Hollar - Inside the Course at Michigan Diane Dallis - Inside the Course at Indiana • Sakaibrary: • Michigan • Indiana

24. Scholarly information flow? Discovery, harvesting Discovery,linking,embedding aggregators Harvesting data analysis, transformation, mining,modeling learning object creation, re-use Learning & teaching Research & e-science Deposit,self archiving Deposit,self archiving Repositories Validation Publish, discovery Discovery,linking,embedding Data creation, capture and gathering:lab experiments, fieldwork, surveys, grids, media, … peer-reviewed journals,conferences, … Courses, modules, Learning management systems, learning portals, … Adapted with permission from Liz LyonseBank UK: Building the links between research data, scholarly communication and learning. Ariadne 36, 2003. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue36/lyon/ A&I services

25. Discovery, harvesting Discovery,linking,embedding aggregators Harvesting data analysis, transformation, mining,modeling learning object creation, re-use Learning & teaching Research & e-science Deposit,self archiving Deposit,self archiving Repositories Validation Publish, discovery Discovery,linking,embedding Data creation, capture and gathering:lab experiments, fieldwork, surveys, grids, media, … peer-reviewed journals,conferences, … Courses, modules, Learning management systems, learning portals, … Adapted with permission from Liz LyonseBank UK: Building the links between research data, scholarly communication and learning. Ariadne 36, 2003. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue36/lyon/ A&I services

26. Discovery, harvesting Discovery,linking,embedding aggregators Harvesting data analysis, transformation, mining,modeling learning object creation, re-use Learning & teaching Research & e-science Deposit,self archiving Deposit,self archiving Repositories Validation Publish, discovery Discovery,linking,embedding Data creation, capture and gathering:lab experiments, fieldwork, surveys, grids, media, … peer-reviewed journals,conferences, … Courses, modules, Learning management systems, learning portals, … Adapted with permission from Liz LyonseBank UK: Building the links between research data, scholarly communication and learning. Ariadne 36, 2003. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue36/lyon/ A&I services

27. Now: Federated access to multi-institutional holdings with support for personal collection-building and sharing

28. Patterns of learning, research, information production and consumption changing • Disclosure into workflows • Personal collections and data reproduction • ‘Customer relation management’

29. Part 2: The library operational environment

30. Metasearch Resolver Catalog Repositories … Digital Research&learning outputs Licensed Print ERM Knowledgebase … Repositories … ILS

31. User environment Switch: delivery, routing, resolution … Management environment

32. Network level workflow Google, … Personal Workflow RSS, toolbars, .. Institutional Workflow Portals, CMS, IR, … … Integrated local user environment? Library web presence Resource sharing, … library Consumer environments Management environment Bought Licensed Faculty& students Digitized Aggregations Resource sharing

33. Library “Inventory” 20% head 80% long tail Libraries aggregate supply at the local level… “About the only places you could explore outside the mainstream were the library and the comic book shop.” Chris Anderson, “The Long Tail”

34. The long tail Systemwide efficiences • Aggregation of supply • Unified discovery • Low transaction costs • Aggregation of demand • Mobilize users • Brand Impact?

35. Aggregate supply? 1.7% of circulations are ILLs (60% of aggregate G5 collection owned by one library only) Aggregate demand? 20% of collection accounted for 90% of use (2 research libraries over ~4 years) Each book its reader Each reader his/her book Libraries and the long tail dynamic

36. Note: All statistics are preliminary and subject to change. Final report forthcoming soon. The Library Long Tail(using holdings as measure of popularity) “Head” Number of Holdings Figure not drawn to scale; for illustration purposes only “Long Tail” Items ranked by system-wide popularity Head: Top 10% of WorldCat records (ranked by holdings) account for 80% of total WorldCat holdings Long Tail: Bottom 90% of WorldCat records (ranked by holdings) account for 20% of total WorldCat holdings

37. Note: All statistics are preliminary and subject to change. Final report forthcoming soon. ILL and the Long Tail(FY 2005 OCLC ILL transactions) ~75% of ILL requests were directed at the “Head” Number of Holdings ~25% of ILL requests were directed at the “Long Tail” Items ranked by system-wide popularity By comparison, Chris Anderson (The Long Tail, 2006) reports: Amazon: ~ 25% of sales from the “long tail” Netflix: ~ 20% of sales from the “long tail” * Question: are current ILL systems adequately supporting demand for the library long tail?

41. Holdings: Local, Group, Global Univ Washington collections Summit collections WorldCat

42. Collections Shared offsite storage Aggregate and analyse digital collections Institutional repository Digital storage and preservation Social and consumer environments Social networking services: tagging, reviews, recommendations Share mobilizing approaches Virtual reference D2D Consolidated discovery Knowledge base Resolution - Service routing – fulfilment Business intelligence Synthesize and mobilize shared usage data Recommendation, management decisions Digitization and offsite storage Multilevel approach to …

43. Part 3: conclusion

44. Libraries optimized for a pre-network environment • User environment: libraries do not have web-scale: impact suffers • Operational environment: fragmentation and redundancy • Resources organized around value creation? • Find the appropriate level to act ….

45. Increase the impact of libraries Reduce unnecessary fragmentation and redundancies Put libraries at the point of need Make the network work for libraries Build the library brand on the network Create systemwide efficiencies