1 / 25

History of Astronomy

History of Astronomy. Question of the Day. Question: What is your grade in ESS? Answer: … … …. Turn In: CYU ’ s 1-5, p. 550. Frequently Missed Test Questions. Our galaxy is classified as a(n) Irregular galaxy Elliptical galaxy c. Spherical galaxy d . Spiral galaxy.

essien
Download Presentation

History of Astronomy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. History of Astronomy

  2. Question of the Day Question: What is your grade in ESS? Answer: … … … • Turn In: • CYU’s 1-5, p. 550

  3. Frequently Missed Test Questions Our galaxy is classified as a(n) • Irregular galaxy • Elliptical galaxy c. Spherical galaxy d. Spiral galaxy

  4. Frequently Missed Test Questions Light traveling towards you will be red shifted due to the Doppler Effect. a. True b. False

  5. Frequently Missed Test Questions Spiral galaxies often appear bluish due to an abundance of a. Old stars b. Black holes c. Young stars d. White dwarfs

  6. Want a Higher Test Grade? • Test corrections • During tutorial • May use anything EXCEPT phone & other people; use test dividers • 1/3 of a point back per question • Grab your scantron and sign out a test • Last day: Thursday, 10/24

  7. History of Astronomy Or, how did we build our current understanding about the solar system?

  8. An interest starts…. • Since ancient times, astronomers observed the skies, watching the paths of the planets and stars • Observations of Mars started philosophers and astronomers trying to explain the motion of the planet across the sky

  9. An Interest starts… Mars usually moves from east to west compared to the stars, but occasionally it changes directions (retrograde motion) • Which step of the Scientific Method is this? • Hypothesis • Drawing Conclusions • Observing/ Stating a problem • Experiment

  10. Aristotle’s Hypothesis • Very influential Greek philosopher • Lived approximately 350 B.C. • Thought the universe consisted of concentric spheres

  11. Aristotle’s Hypothesis • Aristotle believed the universe was geocentric. This means that • The earth was at the center • The sun was at the center • A black hole was at the center • A galaxy was at the center

  12. Ptolemy’s Hypothesis • Approximately 150 A.D • Geocentric Model • Lived in Egypt, influenced by Greeks • Planets moved on a small circle that moves on the circumference of the planet’s orbit • Model lasted for over 1000 years

  13. Ptolemey’s Model

  14. Copernicus’ Hypothesis • 1473 - 1543 • Revived an old Greek heliocentric model. This model was centered around • The earth • The sun • A black hole • A galaxy • Only slightly better predictions of planet’s positions because orbits were still perfect circles

  15. Galileo Galilei • 1600 • Used telescope to observe • UFOs • The Sun • moons of Jupiter • Life on Mars • Confirmed Copernicus’findings • House arrest for beliefs • Church finally apologized in 1970’s

  16. Tycho Brahe • Eccentric Danish nobleman, astronomer to the Danish King • Had a silver nose from a duel • Geo-Helio-Centric model • Hired a young mathematician to help with observations and calculations- Kepler. • When Tycho dies, Kepler took research and precise measurements from him.

  17. Brahe’s Model

  18. Kepler’s Hypothesis • Used Brahe’s data • Correctly modeled the orbit of the planets but had difficulty believing his own work

  19. Kepler’s Three Laws Law #1: All planets orbit the Sun in ellipses. Before Kepler, everyone assumed that planetary orbits were circular. By studying Mars, Kepler realized that this was not true. Law #2: Planets move faster when they are closer to the Sun and slower when they are further away. The imaginary line between the planets and the Sun sweep out equal areas in equal times. Law #3:The further the distance from the Sun, the longer the “year.” The period of a planet’s orbit around the Sun is determined by its distance from the Sun.

  20. http://www.lasalle.edu/~smithsc/Astronomy/retrograd.html

  21. p. 550, #1-5 1. List the planets in order of their distance from the sun. 1. The planets in order of their distance from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [Pluto is now a dwarf planet, FYI.] 2. Explain why the surface of Venus is hotter than the surface of Mercury. 2. The surface of Venus is hotter than the surface of Mercury because Venus’s atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect. 3. Describe some of the geologic features on Mars. • Some of the geologic features on Mars are volcanoes, mountain systems, canyons, and polar ice caps.

  22. p. 550, #1-5 4. Compare the inner planets with the outer planets. 4. The inner planets are small and have solid, rocky surfaces. The outer planets, except for Pluto, are larger than the inner planets are and have thick gaseous atmospheres. They also have solid surfaces. • Describe the origin of the planets. 5. The planets were formed out of the cloud from which the sun condensed.

More Related