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Characteristics of Living Things

1. Cells are Basic Units of Structure and Function. Cell theory

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Characteristics of Living Things

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    1. Characteristics of Living Things Made up of units called cells Reproduce Based on a universal genetic code Grow and develop Obtain and use materials and energy Respond to the environment Maintain a stable internal environment Taken as a group, change over time

    2. 1. Cells are Basic Units of Structure and Function Cell theory – Hooke (cork), van Leeuwenhoek (first living cells?), *Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic: P: no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles E: nucleated with membrane-bound organelles

    3. Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cell

    4. 2. Reproduce Organisms produce like organisms. “Life comes only from life.” – Theory of Biogenesis.

    6. 3. Based on a genetic code. DNA – Code of life Double helix – composed of nucleotides

    7. Structure of DNA – nucleotides are repeating units

    8. 4. Growth and Development Grow is to change in size. Develop is to change in shape and form. ***DNA directs patterns of growth and development.

    10. 5. Obtain materials and use energy Producers (autotrophs) – plants or any other organism that can make its own food sources. EX. Plants -- photosynthesis

    12. Use Energy 2 basic pathways: 1. Cellular respiration – takes in food, breaks it down into glucose, converts to ATP (body’s gasoline) 2. Photosynthesis – uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose (then, the photosynthetic orgs go through cellular resp….)

    13. 6. Environmental Response Response: a reaction to a stimulus Ex. Get cold, put on a jacket

    14. “Boy, that water sure looks cool and refreshing…”

    15. 7. Maintain a stable internal environment Organisms are looking for HOMEOSTASIS -- process where organisms try to reach a steady-state or balance Keep in mind that living orgs NEVER reach a perfect balance – it is a constant balancing act of overshooting and undershooting the goal…

    16. 8. Change over time -- evolution Evolve means to change over time EVOLUTION is the gradual accumulation of adaptations over time that help a group of organisms survive and be able to produce new offspring that would demonstrate the BEST combination of adaptations – SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST!!!

    17. Changes in beetle populations over time

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