Transforming Sentence Structures - Grammar Tips

1. 9B Unit 4 Life on Mars Grammar

2. Words and Expressions aware circle agreement distance possibility adj.知道，意识到 vt.围绕；将……圈起来 n.一致，同意 n.距离；远处 n.可能性

3. Using adverbial clauses or simple sentences

4. Have a look Look at the following sentences. • Neil Armstrong received his student pilot’s licence when he was 16. • Neil Armstrong received his student pilot’s licence at the age of 16.

5. 2. People might float in space because the gravity is low. People might float in space because of the low gravity. 3. Humans cannot survive if there is no food, water or oxygen. Humans cannot survive without food, water or oxygen.

6. Neil Armstrong received his student pilot’s licence when he was 16. • Neil Armstrong received his student pilot’s licence _______________. at the age of 16 2. People might float in space because the gravity is low. People might float in space __________ the low gravity. 3. Humans cannot survive if there is no food, water or oxygen. Humans cannot survive ________ food, water or oxygen. because of without

7. Neil Armstrong took his first flight when he was • only 6.(at the age of ) • Neil Armstrong took his first flight at the age of • six. 2. Yuri Gagarin became the first man to go into outer space at the age of 27. (when) Yuri Gagarin became the first man to go into outer space when he was 27. 3. People might move to another planet in the future because the population on the Earth is increasing rapidly. (because of) People might move to another planet in the future because of the rapidly increasing population on the Earth.

8. 4. If there is no fresh food, meals will not be as tasty as they are today. (without) Without fresh food, meals will not be as tasty as they are today. 5. It would be funny to play football on Mars because of the low gravity. (because) It would be funny to play football on Mars because the gravity is low. 6. Without special boots, you cannot walk on Mars. (if…not) If there is no special boots, you cannot walk on Mars.

9. 状语从句和简单句之间的转换 我们可以用介词短语把状语从句转换为简单句。 1. because 引导的原因状语从句用短语because of可转换成简单句。 He was late for school because it rained heavily. He was late for school because of the heavy rain.

10. 2. if not 引导的条件状语从句可借助without短语转化为简单句。 Humans cannot survive if there is no food, water or oxygen. Humans cannot survive without food, water or oxygen.

11. 3. 时间状语从句可借助介词短语转化为简单句。 I could swim when I was eight years old. I could swim at the age of eight. He went home after he finished his work. He went home after finishing his work.

12. 4. so that引导的目的状语从句可用“in order to”或“so as to”转换为简单句。 He decided to buy a camera online so that she could receive it soon. She decided to buy a camera online in order to/ so as to receive it soon.

13. 5. so…that…引导的结果状语从句的可用“…enough to do” 结构变成简单句。 This hall is so large that it can hold 2000 people. This hall is large enough to hold 2000 people.

14. Using object clauses or simple sentences

15. Have a look Look at the following sentences. • The smell of the pills reminds them that food on the Earth is tasty. • the smell of the pills reminds them of the tasty food on the Earth. 2. Are they sure that space travel will be very fast? Are they sure about the fast speed of space travel?

16. The smell of the pills reminds them that food on the Earth is tasty. • the smell of the pills reminds them _________________________. of the tasty food on the Earth 2. Are they sure that space travel will be very fast? Are they sure ___________________ ______________? about the fast speed of space travel

17. Rewrite the sentences into simple sentences. 1. Are you certain that Tom is satisfied with the plan? Are you certain about Tom’s satisfaction with the plan? 2. I don’t know which one I can buy. I don’t know which one to buy. 3. I heard she was singing in English. I heard her singing in English.

18. Rewrite the sentences into simple sentences. 4. The photos remind me that I travelled to the UK five years ago. The photos remind me of my trip to the UK five years ago. 5. Do you understand what I said? Do you understand my words?

19. 宾语从句和简单句之间的转换 我们可以用介词把状语从句转换为简单句。 1. The photos remind me that I travelled to the UK five years ago. The photos remind me of my trip to the UK five years ago. 2. Are you certain that Tom is satisfied with the plan? 常用的一些动词和介词的搭配有： Remind somebody of…. 使某人想起……. Be sure/certain about … 对……确信 Are you certain about Tom’s satisfaction with the plan?

20. P57 1. Are you aware ________________________ _____________ (distance)? 2. Do scientists agree _____________________ _____________________________(possibility)? 3. Have they thought ______________________ ___________________(problem)? 4. Are you aware _________________ _ (transport)? 5. I wonder ______________________________ _______________(number)? 6. I think people should know _______________ ___________________________________________(differences). of the distance from Mars to the sun about the possibility of humans living on Mars in the future about the problem of the low gravity on Mars of the transport on Mars the number of people liking to move to Mars the differences between life on Mars and life on the earth

21. Using defining relative clauses or simple sentences

22. Have a look Look at the following sentences. • People might live in houses which have huge comfortable rooms. • People might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. 2. On Mars you might see people who wear special boots. On Mars you might see people in special boots.

23. Have a look Look at the following sentences. • People might live in houses which have huge comfortable rooms. • People might live in houses __________________________. with huge comfortable rooms 2. On Mars you might see people who wear special boots. On Mars you might see people ______________. in special boots

24. Rewrite the sentences into simple sentences. 1. Do you know the girl who is holding two books in her hand? Do you know the girl with two books in her hand? 2. The man who wears a blue shirt is our English teacher. The man in a blue shirt is our English teacher. 3. We saw the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor. We saw the glasses on the table fall off onto the floor.

25. 定语从句和简单句之间的转换 我们可以用介词把状语从句转换为简单句。 1. The girl who is in a hat is Lucy King. The girl in a hat is Lucy King. 2. I prefer to stay in a hotel room which has a sea view. I prefer to stay in a hotel room with a sea view.

26. Possible answer: P58 C1 1. Mars is a planet with an environment similar to that of the Earth. 2. Astronauts in space suits and helmets might stay on Mars for hours. 3. It is difficult to breathe on a planet with much thinner air than that on the Earth. 4. On Mars there might be people with air tanks on their backs.

27. P58 C2 Simon is interested in stories about aliens. He even writes to aliens. Replace each of the underlined parts in his letter with another expression. Dear aliens, Humans are thinking about moving to another planet (1) because the pollution on the Earth is very serious. Many people do not doubt (2) that life on Mars would be very interesting, but I am not sure. We could not play football on Mars (3) because of the low gravity. Life would be boring for me (4) if I could not play football. Maybe this problem could be solved by building indoor playgrounds (5) which have the same football fields as those on the Earth. By the way, would strangers be welcome? I hope to hear from you soon. Simon

28. Possible answer: 1. because of the serious pollution on the Earth. 2. of the interesting life on Mars. 3. because the gravity is low. 4. without football. 5. with the same football fields as those on the Earth.

30. Rewrite the sentences into simple sentences. 1.She started to learn drawing when she was seven. She started to learn drawing at the age of seven. 2. I am sure that the concert tickets will be expensive. I am sure about the high price for the concert tickets. 3. I prefer to stay in a hotel room which has a sea view. I prefer to stay in a hotel room with a sea view.

31. Homework 1. Review the grammar we’ve learned today. 2. Preview Integrated skills on page 59-60.