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Chapter 26 Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Lecture 17 Part 2a: Electrolyte Balance

Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Marieb w Hoehn. Chapter 26 Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Lecture 17 Part 2a: Electrolyte Balance. Electrolyte Balance. Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010. Electrolyte balance is important since:

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Chapter 26 Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Lecture 17 Part 2a: Electrolyte Balance

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  1. Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Marieb w Hoehn Chapter 26 Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Lecture 17 Part 2a: Electrolyte Balance

  2. Electrolyte Balance Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 • Electrolyte balance is important since: • It regulates fluid (water) balance • Concentrations of individual electrolytes can affect cellular functions Na+: major cation in ECF (plasma: 136-142 mEq/L; Avg ≈ 140) K+: major cation in ICF (plasma: 3.8-5.0 mEq/L; Avg ≈ 4.0)

  3. Regulation of Osmolarity Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Water loss Osmolarity is regulated by altering H2O content ** Osmolarity = Amt of solute volume of H2O Water gain

  4. Fluid Volume Regulation and [Na+] Volume is regulated by altering Na+ content Salt & H2O gain Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Estrogens are chemically similar to aldosterone and enhance NaCl absorption by renal tubules Glucocorticoids can also enhance tubular reabsorption of Na+ Salt & H2O loss

  5. Summary Table of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance You should understand this table

  6. Potassium Balance Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 • Potassium loss generally occurs via the urine. The rate of tubular secretion of K+ varies with: • Changes in the [K+] in the ECF • Aldosterone levels • Changes in pH Remember that Na+ can be exchanged forH+or K+ in the nephron tubules

  7. Calcium Balance Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 [Ca2+] in ECF is about 5 mEq/L

  8. Review

  9. Review • Electrolyte balance • Balance: Gains and losses of every electrolyte are equal • Electrolyte balance is important because • It directly affects water balance • Electrolyte concentrations affect cell processes • Na+ (aldosterone, ADH, ANP) • Increased [Na+ ] in ECF -> ↑ ADH, ↑ ANP • Decreased [Na+ ] in ECF ->  ADH, ↑ aldosterone • K+ ([K+] in plasma, aldosterone) • Increased [K+ ] in ECF -> increased secretion, ↑ aldosterone • Decreased [K+ ] in ECF -> decreased secretion,  aldosterone,

  10. Review • Electrolyte balance (cont’d) • Ca2+ (PTH, calcitriol, calcitonin) • Increase in ECF -> calcitonin promotes bone deposition • Decrease in ECF -> PTH , calcitriol • ↑ intestinal absorption • ↑ bone resorption •  Ca2+ secretion, ↑ PO43- secretion • Acid-base balance • Production of H+ is exactly offset by the loss of H+ • Major mechanisms of maintaining • acid-base (chemical) buffer systems: HCO3-, PO43-, protein • respiratory excretion of carbon dioxide • renal excretion of hydrogen ions

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