QOTD

1. QOTD • If your business has complete control over a certain industry, that means that you have a ________________. • a) monopoly • b) trust • c)holding company • d) philanthropy

2. QOTD • If your business has complete control over a certain industry, that means that you have a ________________. • a) monopoly

3. Today’s Standard • SSUSH 12 • Identify the American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers; the 1894 Pullman Strike

4. Labor Unions Workers Unite 1868 - 1893

5. Congress Tries To Stop Trusts • Big business is running things • US Steel and Standard Oil • Carnegie and Rockefeller • 1) People felt that monopolies and trusts were too powerful and limiting free enterprise • 2) Congress tries to limit the power of big business through the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1890 • Outlawed monopolies and trusts that restrained free trade • It didn’t really work • Big business kept getting big

6. The Bad Side of Industrialization • While the rich got richer, the working man got the short end of the stick • 3) 1890 – 10% of the U.S. population controlled 75% of the nation’s wealth • Half of America’s unskilled laborers made less than $500 a year

7. The New Working Class • 4) a) African Americans – newly freed slaves flocked to the North for jobs • B) Women – The number of female workers doubled between 1870 and 1890 • C) Children – 1890 – 1.5 million children in the U.S. worked for wages • D) Immigrants – they began pouring in during the 1890s from Europe

8. Working Conditions • 5) a) The average work day was AT LEAST 10 hours a day • B) Women, children, and minorities worked the same hours but were payed less than white men • C) Safety was terrible; work-related deaths were common • D) Employers built company towns where their workers had to live • E) Entire paychecks were spent on bare necessities

9. The Knights of Labor • With all the terrible conditions everywhere, reformers began to call for change • 1) Knights of Labor • Formed in 1868 • UriahStephens – founder • Promoted equality regardless of age, gender, race, and degree of skill • 8 hour work days • Equal pay for men and women • 2) Stephens and the Knights used strikes, or not working, to get their demands met

10. The American Federation of Labor • The Knights of Labor led to more workers calling for better conditions • 3) 1886 – this year is known as the Great Upheaval – which would change life at work in the U.S. forever • 4) The American Federation of Labor (AFL) • Formed in 1886 • Samuel Gompers – leader • They were the first group to use STRIKES as a major tactic • Won higher work wages • Also won shorter work weeks

11. Pullman Strike • As workers united to better their conditions, unrest continued…sometimes too far • 1893 • The Pullman Company (they made boxcars for trains) cuts wages 25 – 40% • 3,000 to 5,800 workers are laid off • 5) A strike takes place – Pullman Strike • The strike interfered with the postal service • Caused train traffic to halt • 6) The strike had to be put down by the federal government

12. Study Guides – Unit 5 • 1) The Age of Invention • 2) The Rise of Big Business • 3) Labor Unions