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Chapter 4.3 Types of Societies

Chapter 4.3 Types of Societies. Societies across the world change based on environment, interaction, and time. Groups. A set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations who possess some degree of common identity Largest groups we study are societies. Subsistence Strategies.

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Chapter 4.3 Types of Societies

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  1. Chapter 4.3 Types of Societies • Societies across the world change based on environment, interaction, and time.

  2. Groups • A set of people who • interact on the basis of shared expectations • who possess some degree of common identity • Largest groups we study are societies.

  3. Subsistence Strategies • This is how sociologists tend to classify societies • Subsistence strategies • The way a society uses technology to provide for the needs of its members.

  4. Preindustrial Societies • Food production is the highest priority • Carried out through the use of human and animal labor • Groups of preindustrial societies • Hunting and gathering • Pastoral • Horticultural • Agricultural

  5. Hunting and Gathering Societies • Collect food daily by • Hunting wild animals • Collecting wild fruit and vegetables • Everyone hunts and gathers • Constantly move in search of food • Usually live in temporary housing • Huts • tepees

  6. Pastoral Societies • Rely on domesticated herd animals for food • Sheep • Cattle • Lamb • Less people needed to work for food in society • Division of labor • Some people become craftworkers, mothers, etc.

  7. Horticultural Societies • Grow food in farms • Have high level of technology • Use slash and burn tactics for crops • Wild vegetation is burned • Ash turns into compost for new farming. • Large division of labor • Strictly because of surplus of food

  8. Agricultural Societies • Animals pull plows to till fields and farms • Technology allows farming to make large surplus of food • Silos • Tractors • Plows • Irrigation • Bartering does not take place • Use money • Large division of labor

  9. Industrial Societies • Instead of focusing on food, they focus on production of goods! • How? • Buy food from other people! • Produce goods using machines! • Sell for much higher price. • Causes urbanization • Concentration of population in urban areas

  10. Postindustrial Societies • Economy focuses on providing information and services. • In US, 73% of workforce do this. • 2% work in agriculture • 25% produce goods • Place strong emphasis on science and technology • Society is stable

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