Module 6 - Bridges

1. Module 6 - Bridges Cisco Fundamentals of Wireless LANs version 1.2

2. Overview • Designed to connect two or more networks, typically located in different buildings, wireless bridges deliver high data rates and superior throughput for data-intensive, line-of-sight applications. • The bridges connect hard to wire sites, noncontiguous floors, satellite offices, school or corporate campus settings, temporary networks, and warehouses. • The high-speed links between the wireless bridges deliver throughput many times faster than E1/T1 lines for a fraction of the cost, thus eliminating the need for expensive leased lines or difficult to install fiber-optic cable. 802.11a (We will be using 1300 bridges)

3. Bridge Connection

4. Bridging Defined • Bridges are used to connect two or more wired LAN’s, usually located within separate buildings, to create one large LAN.

5. Technology Comparisons Installation Cost Monthly Cost (USD) Barriers to Implement Technology Dialup or 56K Remote locations $0 to $250 $25 to $50 Cable/DSL $0 to $250+ $25 to $150 Reliability E1, T1 $250 to $1,000+ $400 to $1000+ Availability Recurring Cost $5,000 to $200,000+ Physical obstructions Fiber $0 Licensing, Weather Microwave $15,000+ $0 $2,000 to $15,000 802.11 $0 Interference

6. RBOC DS1 DS1 DS3 New remote office - No DS1 connection available Traditional WAN Connectivity Monthly Leased Line OpEx 2 DS1: $600 1 DS3: $5000 TOTAL: $5600 RBOC provides guaranteed level of service via a Service Level Agreement (SLA)

7. 2 Mbps 2 Mbps 22 Mbps 5 Mbps 802.11b Connectivity Monthly Line Cost 2 DS1: $600 1 Fractional DS3: $3000 TOTAL: $3600 Wireless Installation Cost 7 350 Series Bridges Installed: $12,500 USD Pay Back Period: 3 months New building connected Self managed

8. 14 Mbps 14 Mbps 50 Mbps 27 Mbps 802.11g Connectivity Americas – Point-to-Point • 4.5 miles (7 km) at 54 Mbps • 14 miles (23 km) at 11 Mbps Monthly Line Cost 2 DS1: $600 1 DS3: $5000 TOTAL: $5600 Wireless Installation Cost 7 1400 Series Bridges Installed: $40,000 USD Pay Back Period: 8 months New building connected Self managed

9. Role in Radio Network • Role in Radio Network • Determines functionality within WLAN • Determines which type of clients will be supported File Server BR350 or BR1310 Workgroup Bridge Bridge Access Point (repeater mode) PCI Card PC Card

10. BR1310 AIR-BR1310G-A-K9-R AIR-BR1310G-A-K9 Bridges • Cisco bridges can be controlled and configured though command line and web interfaces. • Management can also be done through traditional protocols like SNMP.

11. Bridge roles in the network • The Cisco bridges can be configured to operate in different modes. • The BR350, or multifunction bridge, has the same receiver sensitivity, power levels, and capabilities, as the Cisco Aironet APs with .11b radio chips. • This means that while operating in AP mode, the Cisco Aironet multi-function bridge can be configured as a fully IEEE 802.11 compliant AP, which will support wireless clients VxWorks

12. Parent-Child Relationship: Root - Non-Root

13. Bridge roles in the network • Root Access Point—Use this setting to set up the bridge as a rugged access point connected to the wired LAN. Root Access Point

14. Bridge roles in the network • Rootbridge—One bridge in each group of bridges must be set as the root bridge. A root bridge can only communicate with non-root bridges and other client devices and cannot associate with another root bridge. Root Bridge

15. Bridge roles in the network • Non-Root Bridgew/Clients—Use this setting for non-root bridges that will accept associations from client devices, and for bridges acting as repeaters. Non-root bridges can communicate with other non-root bridges, root bridges, and client devices. Non-Root Bridge with Clients

16. Bridge roles in the network • Non-Root Bridge w/oClients—Use this setting for non-root bridges that should not accept associations from client devices. A bridge set to Non-Root Bridge w/o Clients will only communicate with a root or non-root bridge. Non-Root Bridge without Clients

17. Bridge roles in the network • Repeater AccessPoint—Use this setting to set up the bridge as a rugged repeater access point. A repeater access point is not connected to the wired LAN; it is placed within radio range of an access point connected to the wired LAN to extend the range of your infrastructure or to overcome an obstacle that blocks radio communication. Repeater Access Point

18. Power Options

19. BR350—Front Cover LED’s

20. LED indicators • When the bridge is powering on, all three LEDs normally blink. • After bootup, the colors of the LEDs represent the following: • GreenLEDs indicate normal activity. • Amber LEDs indicate errors or warnings. • Red LEDs mean the unit is not operating correctly or is being upgraded. Troubleshooting BR350 Bridges

21. Bridge Model BR350 802.11b Bridge Standard Cable (6.7 dB/100 ft. loss) (6.7 dB/30.5 m) Data Rate Max. Distance Miles Km Optional Antenna 11 Mbps 20.5 33.0 21 dBi Dish 50 ft (15.2m)/side 11 Mbps 32.7 52.5 21 dBi Dish 20 ft (6.1m)/side 5.5 Mbps 32.6 52.4 21 dBi Dish 50 ft (15.2m)/side 2 Mbps 41.0 66.0 21 dBi Dish 50 ft (15.2m)/side 1 Mbps 51.7 83.2 21 dBi Dish 50 ft (15.2m)/side Note: Distances over 25 miles or 40 Km are very hard to align and install!

22. 802.11b Common Questions Cisco Aironet Bridge How Fast? 2 Mbps Max data rate 11 Mbps Typical throughput 5.5 Mbps 1.4 Mbps How Far? 3.6 Miles 5.8 Km 7.3 miles 11.7 Km Yagi antenna 20.5 Miles 33 Km 25+ miles 40+ Km Dish antenna Note: All distances may be limited by governing bodies and standards.

23. Optional 2.4GHz Antennas for Long Range • 13.5 dBi Yagi • Distances over • 7.3 miles @ 2 Mbps • 11.7 Km @ 2 Mbps • 3.6 miles @ 11 Mbps • 5.8 Km @ 11 Mbps • 21 dBi Solid Dish • For distances up to • 25+ miles @ 2 Mbps • 40+ Km @ 2 Mbps • 20.5 miles @ 11 Mbps • 33 Km @ 11 Mbps Note: Distances include 50 feet of low loss cable and 10 dB fade margin

24. Richardson Elementary Yagi Weaver- Special Education Dish Roberts Middle School Dish High School 2 Bridges One 12 dBi omni One Dish Administration 2 Bridges One 12 dBi omni One Yagi Channel #1 Channel #6 Bolich Middle School Yagi Channel #11 Price Elementary Yagi Dewitt Elementary Yagi 802.11b Bridge Application: School District Bode Elementary Yagi Lincoln Elementary Yagi

25. Connecting to the Bridge • There are 3 basic GUI interfaces depending on the bridge image: • IOS 1400 • VxWorks BR350 • SOS WGB350

26. 1300 with IOS GUI

27. BR350 with VxWorks GUI BR350 Configuration Guide

28. WGB350 with SOS GUI ad SOS Menu

29. Resetting the Bridge • Resetting the Cisco bridges depends on the model. • The BR350, can be reset via the console, telnet, or browser connection. • If the password is unknown, then the console reset method is required. • The console port on the BR350. • The :resetall command can be used after rebooting the bridge, however the command must be entered within 2 minutes of rebooting. • The 350 Series Workgroup Bridge or the 1300 series bridge can be reset to default values via the Reset button, telnet, or browser connection.

30. Default Settings for BR350 and 1300

31. Basic Configuration Will will not use or discuss all of the configuration options and features.

32. BR350 Home Page (Summary Status)

33. BR350 Map Link • The Map link opens the Map window, which contains links to every management page. • The Map window can be used to jump quickly to any system management page, or to a map of the entire wireless network

34. BR350 Network Link

35. BR350 Associations Link

36. BR350 Setup Link • The Setup link displays the Setup page, which contains links to the management pages with configuration settings.

37. BR350 Logs Link

38. BR350 - Basic Configuration • Connect just like an AP, suggest wired GUI. • Remember to set the IP address on your Ethernet NIC.

39. Root Bridge and Non-Root Bridges

40. Non-Root Bridge without ClientsRepeater Bridge

41. Bridge as Root Access Point

42. Bridge as Repeater Access Point

43. Root Radio Identification configuration • The current IP subnet mask displayed under the setting shows the IP subnet mask currently assigned to the bridge. This is the same subnet mask as the default subnet mask unless DHCP or BOOTP is enabled. If DHCP or BOOTP is enabled, this is the subnet mask used by the DHCP or BOOTP server. • You can also enter this setting on the Express Setup page.

44. Root Radio Identification Page • Primary Port Settings: Two options allow for the designation of the radio port as the primary port on the bridge: • Primary Port? The primary port determines the MAC and IP addresses of the bridge. • The default primary port of the bridge is the Ethernet port. • The Ethernet port is connected to the wired LAN, so this setting is usually set to no. • Select no to set the Ethernet port as the primary port. • Select yes to set the radio port as the primary port. • Adopt Primary Port Identity? • Select yes, to adopt the primary port MAC and IP addresses for the radio port. • Select no to use different MAC and IP addresses for the radio port. Bridges acting as root units adopt the primary port settings for the radio port. • When putting a bridge in standby mode, select no for this setting.

45. Root Radio Hardware configuration • Similar to an AP.

46. Root Radio Hardware configuration

47. Ethernet Identification configuration • Addressing is similar to Root Radio options

48. Ethernet Hardware configuration

49. Ethernet Hardware configuration

50. Configuring time services