1 / 22

Covalent Bonding

Covalent Bonding. Sharing. Covalent Bonding. A form of chemical bonding where electrons are shared so that each atom has a complete valence shell One particle of a covalent compound is called a molecule. Types of Bonds. Single bond – 2 electrons (1 pair) are shared.

ethan-golden
Download Presentation

Covalent Bonding

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Covalent Bonding Sharing

  2. Covalent Bonding • A form of chemical bonding where electrons are shared so that each atom has a complete valence shell • One particle of a covalent compound is called a molecule.

  3. Types of Bonds • Single bond – 2 electrons (1 pair) are shared. • Double bond – 4 electrons (2 pairs) are shared. • Triple bond – 6 electrons (3 pairs) are shared.

  4. Other Names for Bond Types • A single bond is a sigma bond. • Double and triple bonds contain pi bonds. • Double = 1 sigma, 1 pi • Triple = 1 sigma, 2 pi

  5. Naming Binary Covalent Compounds • Identification = Use this system with nonmetal-nonmetal pairs • If the compound contains a metal, it is likely an ionic compound – use the other set of rules for those compounds. Naming Rule • First word = prefix + 1st element name • Second word = prefix + 2nd element name with –ide ending

  6. mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca- Prefixes Exception: Use mono on the second word only, never the first word.

  7. Examples – Writing Names • N2O • SiF4 • N2O5 • NH3

  8. Examples – Writing Formulas • sulfur trioxide • dihydrogen monoxide

  9. VSEPR Theory • Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory • Electron pairs orient themselves in order to minimize repulsive forces. Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  10. Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs!!! VSEPR Theory • Types of e- Pairs • Bonding pairs - form bonds • Lone pairs - nonbonding electrons Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  11. Bond Angle VSEPR Theory • Lone pairs reduce the bond angle between atoms. Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  12. Know the 8 common shapes & their bond angles! Determining Molecular Shape • Draw the Lewis Diagram. • Tally up e- pairs on central atom. • double/triple bonds = ONE pair • Shape is determined by the # of bonding pairs and lone pairs. Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  13. B A B BeH2 Common Molecular Shapes 2 total 2 bond 0 lone LINEAR 180° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  14. H2O Common Molecular Shapes 4 total 2 bond 2 lone BENT 104.5° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  15. SO2 Common Molecular Shapes 3 total 2 bond 1 lone BENT <120° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  16. B A B B BF3 Common Molecular Shapes 3 total 3 bond 0 lone TRIGONAL PLANAR 120° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  17. B A B B B CH4 Common Molecular Shapes 4 total 4 bond 0 lone TETRAHEDRAL 109.5° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  18. NH3 Common Molecular Shapes 4 total 3 bond 1 lone TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL 107° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  19. Ba PCl5 Be A Be Be Ba Common Molecular Shapes 5 total 5 bond 0 lone TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL 120°/90° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  20. SF6 B B B A B B B Common Molecular Shapes 6 total 6 bond 0 lone OCTAHEDRAL 90° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  21. F P F F Examples • PF3 4 total 3 bond 1 lone TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL 107° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  22. OCO Examples • CO2 2 total 2 bond 0 lone LINEAR 180° Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

More Related